Welcome

To
our presentation
The topic of our
presentation is “
Modern Size
Ingredient ”
Presented To:-
Shamima Akter Smriti
Lecturer,
Department of TE
Daffodil International University
Presented by:-
MD. Abdullah Al Mamun
ID:- 151-23-4173

Redwan Ahmed
ID:- 151-23-5219

MD. Mokhlesur Rahman

 Primary:
- Adhesives
         

- Softeners/Lubricants
         

- Antiseptics
         

 Secondary:
- Humectants
         

- Antistatic
         

- Weighting agents
         

- Brightening/Bluing agents
         

- Wetting agents
         

- Antifoaming agents
         

 
 Primary Ingredient
Adhesive
Adhesives are those materials that can adhere to the warp yarns throughout the weaving
process by increasing the yarn strength and also making its surface smooth so as to withstand
abrasion between neighboring warp threads. It is the main ingredient of solution preparation

Functions:-
1. To increase strength.
2. To impart adhesion making the yarn less hairy.
3. To increase abrasion resistance.
4. To increase smoothness & stiffness
5. To reduce extensibility

Example:-
Starch and starch products - Ex: Maize starch, Tapioca starch, Potato starch, Sago starch,
Wheat starch etc.
Thin boiling starch or soluble starch - Ex: British gum, Dextrin
Pectin materials - Ex: Alginic acid
Synthetic adhesives - Ex: Polyvinyl alcohol, Acrylic polymers, Vinyl polymers, Polyethylene
glycol, Polystyrene ,Carboxymethyl cellulose etc.
 Primary Ingredient
 Softeners/Lubricants
These are next in importance to the adhesives. The adhesives produce a film on the yarn which is
rather stiff and thus renders the yarn inflexible and has rough or uneven surface. This tends to
generate frictional forces between neighboring warp threads in the loom. Hence in order to make
the adhesive film flexible or pliable, the softener is added.

 Functions:-
1. It makes the yarn soft and slippery.
2. It reduces stiffness.
3. It increases yarn smoothness.
4. It increases elasticity.

 Example:-
Oils and fats, waxes, mutton tallow, oils and emulsions, stearic acid emulsions, vegetable tallow,
soaps, sulphated oils and fats, mineral oils, paraffin wax, plasticizers etc.
Of the many softeners available, mutton tallow is considered to be the best since it acts well as a
softener and lubricant.
 
 Primary Ingredient
 Antiseptics
These are also known as preservatives. Cellulosic or protein materials which are sized are
particularly susceptible to attack by microbiological organisms, moth, insects and mildew. This is
due to the hygroscopicity of the textile material and the adhesive with which they are coated.

 Function:-
1. It prevents mildew formation.
2. To preserve size materials for a long time.
3. It helps to store the yarn for a long time
4. To protect the yarn from bacteria or fungus.

 Example:-
Metallic salts - Ex: Zinc chloride, copper sulphate, zinc sulphate, sodium silicofluoride.
 Organic compounds - Ex: Sailcyclic acid, Phenol, Cresol, Benzoic acid etc.
 Secondary Ingredient
 Humectants
These are basically hygroscopic agents and therefore are also called humectants. They
help the sized yarn to regain its moisture and flexibility. In other words the humectants
prevent the yarn from over drying and becoming brittle, by retaining the moisture in the
cotton yarn in the required level of 8-10% and thereby maintain the flexibility of the yarn.

 Functions:
1. It prevents excess drying of yarn.
2. It helps to absorb moisture from yarn.
3. To prevent the brittleness of size

 Example:-
Magnesium chloride, glycerin, and calcium chloride
 Secondary Ingredient
 Antistatic
Though the antistatic agents are considered to be under the category of secondary ingredients,
they are of importance in the sizing of synthetic hydrophobic that are prone static electricity. Fibres
such as polyester, nylon, cellulose acetate are highly prone to static electricity. The static charges
generated create problems in the subsequent processes, difficulty in unwinding of the weaver’s
beams, cloth rolls, and in extreme cases can even cause fire hazards. Hence it becomes necessary
to control the static charge generation.

 Function:-
1. To prevent the formation of electrostatic charge.
2. To improve the weaving efficiency

 Example:-
The antistatic agents used are glycerol, polyethylene glycol,
lissapol NX. Out of these Lissapol NX is the best .
 Secondary Ingredient

 Weighting agents
These are also variously known as weightening agents, filling agents, fillers etc. They help to add
weight to the yarn so as to make the fabric get a feel or fullness. This is of importance when the
cloth is to be sold in the grey state on a weight basis.

 Functions:-
1. To increase the weight of yarn.
2. To impart fullness and fell to the fabric.

 Example:-
Some of the well known weighting agents are China clay, Gypsum, Talc or French chalk or
soapstone, Barium sulphate, Epsom salt etc. -
 Secondary Ingredient
 Brightening/Bluing agents:-
These are coloring/whitening agents. Here too, just as in the case of the weightening agents, these
agents are required when the cloth is sold in a grey state. Cotton materials have natural coloring
matter which makes them dull or creamish in appearance. Hence in order to improve the aesthetic
look of the material, they are generally made whiter or given a bluish tinge

 Function:-
1. To improve the color of the yarn.
2. To improve the aesthetic look of the material.

 Example:-
Some of the well known brightening/bluing
agents used are Ultramarine blue, acid dyes,
fluorescent brightening agents etc.
 Secondary Ingredient
 Wetting agents
In the case of synthetic textile materials such as polyester, nylon etc. the natural adhesives
such as starch cannot wet the fibres, since they are hydrophobic in nature. Therefore
synthetic adhesives will have to be applied with some suitable wetting medium.

 Function:-
1. To improve the size wet ability.
2. Improve the penetration of the size between the fibres.

3. It helps to wet yarn instantly

 Example:-
sulphanol, soap, avirol, alizarine oil etc
Turkey red oil, other oils such as P4 oil can also be used
 Secondary Ingredient
 Antifoaming agents
Due to high speed circulation of size ingredients during cooking foam is formed.
Foaming is highly undesirable during sizing as the foam obstruct the uniform
application of size. For this reason antifoaming agent is used to prevent the
formation of foam in size solution during cooking.
 Function:-
To prevent formation of foam.
 Example:-
Silicones, stearine-paraffin emulsions,
benzene, pyridine.
Some of the well known anti-foaming agents used
are amyl alcohol, turpentine, pine oil etc.