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Excavation, Mucking, Ventilation &support During Construction of Raise & Winze

This document discusses excavation, mucking, ventilation, and support during the construction of raises and winzes using various methods. It describes the excavation process for manual raising, compartment, jora raising, alimak raising, longhole drilling, and drop raising methods. Mucking procedures vary between allowing material to fall naturally and using remote controlled vehicles. Ventilation aims to remove fumes and varies in effectiveness between methods. Support involves scaffolding, stulls, timbering, mesh, bolts, and shotcrete depending on the excavation technique.

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MINISH REDDY
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109 views28 pages

Excavation, Mucking, Ventilation &support During Construction of Raise & Winze

This document discusses excavation, mucking, ventilation, and support during the construction of raises and winzes using various methods. It describes the excavation process for manual raising, compartment, jora raising, alimak raising, longhole drilling, and drop raising methods. Mucking procedures vary between allowing material to fall naturally and using remote controlled vehicles. Ventilation aims to remove fumes and varies in effectiveness between methods. Support involves scaffolding, stulls, timbering, mesh, bolts, and shotcrete depending on the excavation technique.

Uploaded by

MINISH REDDY
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXCAVATION,MUCKING,VENTILATION

&SUPPORT DURING CONSTRUCTION


OF RAISE & WINZE

VENKAT RAMANA REDDY


BT18MIN033
EXCAVATION
 Excavation of raise may use explosives or may not use explosives it is
dependent on rock fragmentation of rock to be excavated
 Below excavation is discussed in each of raising method
 Raising methods with aid of explosives are of 3 types conventional type
using climber type , using blasthole techniques
 Conventional type methods are Manual raising & compartment method
 Methods using climber are jora hoist & Alimak raise climber method
 Methods using blasthole techniques are Longhole raising & Drop raising
 Raising method without aid of explosives is raise boring method
 EXCAVATION IN MANUAL RAISING METHOD
 This is a conventional method which uses explosives for blasting
 This method involves drilling ,charging& blasting
 Jack hammers(stopper) are used for drilling the blast hole in either
wedge cut pattern or burn cut pattern
 Fig(a) right side describes the drilling by stopper
 The blast holes are 1.5m in length and 32mm dia
 High strength explosives are used(ANFO,SME…..)
Fig(a)

Click icon to add picture


 EXCAVATION IN COMPARTMENT METHOD
 Intial excation of 2m at the lower level has to be done
 Then raise is divided into 2 compartments and the operation follows the
conventional driving methods
 Work is performed from the stage first blast holes are driven from the
stage with the help of stoppers
 Then holes are charged with explosives then compartment containing
the ladder is covered with wooden plank
 Then it is blasted and stage is elevated
 EXCAVATION OF JORA RAISING
 Two levels must be present for this method from the upper level cage is
suspended using steel rope that can be hoisted up and down using a
winch
 Flat surface at the top of cage is used as platform
 Parallel holes are drilled around the central hole
 Then drilled holes are charged with explosive
 Before blasting cage is lowered to a safe place then blast is triggered
 The excavation process is described below in fig
 EXCAVATION OF ALIMAK RAISING METHOD
 Intially guide rails are laid raise climber moves on the rails
 Drilling is undertaken from the drill deck on the top of cage and it can be
done using a jack hammer or jumbo drill to create a hole of 34mm dia
and 2m length
 The explosives with delay detonators are charged in the holes and before
blasting climber is moved down
 Smooth blasting techniques are used in this blasting
 Below fig describes the excavation of this method
 EXCAVATION OF LONGHOLE DRILLING
 This raising method uses blast hole techniques
 First step involved in it is drilling long parallel holes in cyllindrical or burn
cut pattern
 To carry out drilling the pneumatic or hydraulic drifters mounted on the
pre-fabricated rigs or vertical columns and horizontal bars are used
 After drilling charging of holes with explosives and delay detonators is
done and respective delay detonators and explosives are charged as
shown in figure c
 The roof of the blasted part acts as free face for above to be blasted
Fig(c)
Fig(b)
EXCAVATION OF DROP RAISING
The holes are drilled by using ITH(In The Hole) rigs with hammer
attatchment using both compressed air and water
Drilling is done from the upper lever to the lower level nearly 60m
length as per level difference
Generally 5holes are drilled (dimensions as in fig below)
After drilling charging is done
The charging of explosives is done from the upper level
Two pieces of wooden plugs tied to a nylon rope is lowered in to a
blast hole to plug the bottom mouth of blast hole
Stone chips are stemmed for a length of .7 to 1m from bottom
 This is followed by charging cattridges of slurry explosives
 Primer Catridges tied to detonating fuse is lowered with cattridge
explosives
 Holes are blasted in a sequence with the help of delay detonator, from
the surface
 Top 4-4.5m of the blast holes are blasted at one go
 The result of blasting is that a cavity or pull nearly 1.8-2.0m height in one
slide
 The roof of the lower level provides free face for the explosive charged
 EXCAVATION IN RAISE BORERS
 This method doesn’t use explosives excavation is done as described
below
 First the boring machine is setup on an upper level and a small diameter
pilot hole is drilled with tricone bit down to the lower level
 When the hole is completed the drill bit is removed and replaced by
reamer head having diameter same as required raise
 Roller cutters are mounted on reamer head
 Then reamer is rotated and pulled back upward towards the machine
 Reamer of raise borer Tricone drillbit
 MUCKING
 Mucking of different methods is described below
 In manual raising method the blasted material due to gravity falls
downwards and at the initial stage the blasted material is not removed
and on the blasted material person stands and drills…..
 After reaching some distance the blasted material is transported in mine
cars
 In compartment method a separate compartment made of timber is
used for muck transportation due to gravity the material falls downwards
from there muck is transported
 In the below fig 5 represents mucks
 In Jora raising and alimak climber raising method(fig
right side) the blasted material falls downwards from
there muck is transported in mine cars or LHDs
 In drop raising and longhole raising the blasted material
falls in the lower level due to gravity from there the
material is transported in remote controlled LHDs
preferably if present or in case if not present LHD
are used
 Figure on right side is of long hole raising
 In Raise Boring method the material falls in the lower
level from there muck is transported through LHDs
VENTILATION
• Ventilation during construction of raise refers removing fumes and dust
caused due to blasting and normal ventilation for the operator
• In manual raising method no care is taken for
ventilation so ventilation is sluggish in this method
of raising
• In compartment method as shown in right side fig
has ventilation duct for ventilation of operator &
compressed air pipe for the cleaning fumes
• In alimak raising method sometimes pressurised
H2O is used for clearing the fumes and smoke
2-Ventilation duct
3-Compressed air pipe
 In alimak raising method the ventilation for the operator is good as air
water supply is provided through ports within guiderails
 In jora raising the fumes and smoke is removed by jets no care taken for
normal ventilation
 In longhole raising , Drop raising , Raise boring method the human no
need to enter the raise under construction so ventilation is not necessary
during the construction of raise
SUPPORT
 In Manual raising during construction of raise scaffolding is done
necessarily , stulls made of steel or timber are used for this purpose
 In compartment method dressing of loose rocks is done after blasting and
after that timbering is done
 In jora raising dressing of loose rocks is done after blasting
 In alimak raise climbing method the excavated area is supported with the
combination of wire, mesh , bolts is done and shot creet is laid if necessary
 In longhole , drop raising , raise borer methods dressing is not necessary….

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