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Temperature Transducer 1

1. Temperature transducers are devices that convert temperature measurements into another form, like electrical signals, that can be read by instruments. They use sensors like RTDs and thermocouples. 2. RTDs measure temperature by detecting changes in the electrical resistance of a conductor as it heats up, while thermocouples produce small voltages from the Seebeck effect created between two different conductors. 3. Temperature transducers have wide applications in industries for temperature monitoring and automation, including steel production, manufacturing processes, and heating/cooling system controls.

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274 views

Temperature Transducer 1

1. Temperature transducers are devices that convert temperature measurements into another form, like electrical signals, that can be read by instruments. They use sensors like RTDs and thermocouples. 2. RTDs measure temperature by detecting changes in the electrical resistance of a conductor as it heats up, while thermocouples produce small voltages from the Seebeck effect created between two different conductors. 3. Temperature transducers have wide applications in industries for temperature monitoring and automation, including steel production, manufacturing processes, and heating/cooling system controls.

Uploaded by

rsurao24
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT

CONTENTS
•Temperature Transducer
•Principle
•Working
•Applications
•Types
•RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector)
•Thermocouple
Temperature
• It is the Degree f Hotness or “Level of heat intensity of Body”
• High Level of Heat Intensity(HOT) or Low level of heat Intensity
(Cold)
• 2 scales are used i.e. Degree Celsius (0 to 1000C) in 100 equal
divisions and Fahren heit (32 to 2120F) with 180 equal divisions.
• Measurement of Temperature by:
I. Thermometer
II. Bimetallic Thermometer (upto 4000C)
III. RTD’s (Resistance Temperature Detector) (800-11000C)
IV. Thermistor Thermometer
V. Pyrometer (7000C)
VI. Thermocouple (-200 to 21000C).
Relationship b/w Temperature
systems
 
𝐶 𝐹 −32
=
100 180
Absolute Temperature
What Is Temperature Transducer ?
 It is a temperature monitoring device.

 A device which is automatic temperature- control system that


converts the temperature into some other quantity.
Working Principle
A temperature transducer is an electrical device usually
used in automated air-temperature control sequences.
Its purpose is to take a measurement of the air
temperature and relay the information after translating
it into a readable form to a power source for the
mechanical part of the system.
Sensor

Once the information has been taken by the temperature

transducer and relayed, the information is sent to the unit power

source. Usually, when a transducer is telling a mechanical unit,

such as a furnace or a cooling system, that it needs to engage in

order to create the desired temperature, it will also tell the unit

when it has reached that desired temperature.


Instructions

When the unit power source reveals the information from the temperature

transducer, it either tells the system to stand idle or engage depending on the

temperature that has been measured. If the temperature reads lower than the

setting input to the system by the user, the heating unit is told to engage until

the air is measured by the temperature transducer to be as high in

temperature as the user desires.


Digital Display
Temperature transducers sends the information they collect to more
sources than just the power source for the heating or cooling unit.
Digital thermostats installed in many households and businesses
utilize digital LCD screens to display the information that is read by
the temperature transducer. The transducer measures the air
temperature and translates it into information the screen is able to
display at the same time the information is being sent to the power
source telling it whether or not to engage.
Working Diagram
Applications
 Steel industry

 Monitor temperature and chemistry throughout the steel making process

 Heating appliance safety

 Thermocouples in fail-safe mode are used in ovens and water heaters to detect if pilot flame is burning
to prevent fire and health hazard

 Manufacturing

 Used for testing prototype electrical and mechanical apparatus

 Process plants
Chemical production plants and refineries use computer programs to view the temperature at various
locations. For this situation, a number of thermocouple leads are brought to a common reference block.
Types Of Temp. Transducer
RTD (Resistance temperature detector)
Principle: Measures Temperature by change in resistance of resistor.
The Resistance of conductor changes with change in temperature.
• An RTD is basically a temperature sensitive resistor
• it is a positive temperature coefficient device
• As like thermocouple it doesn’t produce any voltage by itself
• it is used in electrical appliances such as motors, generators
Variation in resistance with variation in Temperature is
represented as:

  + …………………… ++………)

Construction of RTD Material Property required for construction of RTD


Positive Temperature Coefficient 1. Change in resistance of the conductor w.r.t. per unit
(example- Platinum) change in temperature should be as high as possible
1. Withstand High Temp. 2. Material should be having hight resistivity (ρ), so that
2. Excellent stability minimum volume material is used.
3. Less susceptible to 3. Resistance of material should have a continuous linear
contaminations and stable relationship with temperature.
Construction of RTD
The resistance versus temperature characteristics curve of RTD
Resistance Temperature Detector
Applications
It is widely used in furnaces for automatic temperature measurement.
Due to its compactness, it replaces conventional thermometers as well as
thermocouples thus eliminating the use of lots of wires.

Used in medical and chemical laboratories to detect very low temperatures (like
dry ice and liquid nitrogen)

Due to electrical output it is used wherever feedback system is required and


corrective action is thus taken in an automated system.
Thermocouple

• It is a type of temperature sensor, which is made by joining two dissimilar metals at one end.

• The joined end is referred to as the HOT JUNCTION. The other end of these dissimilar metals is
referred to as the COLD END or COLD JUNCTION.

• If there is a difference in temperature between the hot junction and cold junction, a small
voltage is created.

• This voltage is referred to as an EMF (electro-motive force) and can be measured and in turn
used to indicate temperature.

• They are Active or Self generating Transducer.


Seebeck Effect is a phenomenon in which a temperature difference between two dissimilar electrical

conductors or semiconductors produces a voltage difference between the two substances. This can be

applied to thermal-to-electrical energy conversion.


The Peltier effect
The Peltier effect pertains to thermoelectric and is described as when an electrical current flows through a
circuit where there are two different types of semiconductors (a substance that can conduct electricity under
certain conditions) and the result is a heating or cooling effect. This is found to be noticeable at the site of the
junction of the two conductors. One junction experiences a cooling effect, while the other experiences a
heating effect. The change of temperature is known as the Peltier effect
Thomson Effect

When two dissimilar metals are joined together to


form two junctions, the potential exists through out
the length of the conductor within the circuit
Applications
Temperature Measurement

Power Generation

Radiation Sensors

Gas Safety Equipment's

Manufacturing Industry

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