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Python: BY Kannan Moudgalya

This document provides an overview of the Python programming language. It discusses that Python is an interpreted, high-level and dynamic programming language used for a wide variety of applications. It also introduces the instructor, Prof. Kannan Moudgalya, and describes some key features of Python including data types, modules, functions, classes, files and error handling. Popular Python modules for areas like cryptography, GUI development, networking, plotting and scientific computing are also listed.

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atul211988
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84 views

Python: BY Kannan Moudgalya

This document provides an overview of the Python programming language. It discusses that Python is an interpreted, high-level and dynamic programming language used for a wide variety of applications. It also introduces the instructor, Prof. Kannan Moudgalya, and describes some key features of Python including data types, modules, functions, classes, files and error handling. Popular Python modules for areas like cryptography, GUI development, networking, plotting and scientific computing are also listed.

Uploaded by

atul211988
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PYTHON

BY Kannan Moudgalya

Presented By Priya Bisht


Course BCA (B)
Roll no. 1021639 (29)
Course Overview

 Python is a general-purpose, high-level, remarkably powerful dynamic programming


language that is used in a wide variety of application domains. Python supports multiple
programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative and functional
programming styles.
 FOSSEE Project, IIT Bombay promotes Python for scientific computing through various
activities like Python Textbook Companion, creation of spoken tutorials & courses like
SDES.
About the instructor

 Prof Kannan Moudgalya


is a professor at the
Chemical Engg. Dept. of
IIT Bombay.  He is a
LaTeXenthusiast and a
Kannan Moudgalya free and open source
software promoter.  He
is the PI of the Spoken
Tutorial Project, IIT
Bombay. 
Introduction to Python

 A high-level programming language  Open source and community driven


 Standard Distribution includes many modules
 Dynamic typed; Automatic Memory management
 Basically interpreted, but source can be compiled
 Easy to learn, yet powerful
 Robust support for OO programming
 Can integrate well with other languages
 Most popular for Data Analytics
Compiling and Interpreting
Python Scripts
 Code is interpreted
 You see the result immediately on the shell window.
 If a statement is in error, execution stops and error message is displayed.
 The interpretation does not guarantee display of all errors. Errors are reported only when encountered,
it stops on the first error
 A Code Sample (in IDLE)
 x = 34 - 23 # A comment.
 y = "Hello" # Another one.
 z = 3.45
 if z == 3.45 or y == "Hello":
 x = x + 1 y = y + " World “ # String concat
 print (x)
 print (y)
Data in Python

 Everything in Python is an object.


 All objects in Python can be either mutable or immutable.
 A mutable object can be changed after it is created, and an immutable object can’t.
 Objects of built-in types like (int, float, bool, str, tuple, unicode) are immutable. Objects of
built-in types like (list, set, dict) are mutable
Basic Datatypes
  Numbers
  Strings
  List
  Tuple
Data structures
  Set
  Dictionary

Mutable / Immutable
 Mutable: meaning you can change their content without
changing their identity

 Immutable: are objects that can not be changed


Modules & Packages

 Similar to libraries, called Modules


 It can be used (referenced) in standard python code. Include the modules in the code.
 Usually a File containing python code
 Can define functions, classes, variables
 Multiple modules make up a Package, usually a directory of python files.
 Official packages are listed in a directory (PyPI) from where one can download / install
 pip is the tool to download and install packages
Basic Datatypes

 Integers (default for numbers) z = 5 / 2 # Answer 2.5, real division


 Floats x = 3.456
 Strings
 Can use " " or ' ' to specify with "abc" == 'abc'
 Unmatched can occur within the string: "matt's"
 Use triple quotes for multi-line strings or strings than contain both ‘ and “ inside of them:
"""a'b"c"""
Data Structures

 List : An unordered collection of data items


[35,23.15,"Hello", [2,3,'a','b']]
 Can be used as a stack, queue
 mutable
 Tuple : An unordered collection of data items used to capture an entity’s data
(25, 5.5, "My Data", ['a','b'], (1,2,3))  immutable
 Set : An unordered set of values ( no duplicates allowed)
{2,3,"hello"}
 Dictionary : unordered collection of data items, each data item is a <key, value> pair
{'name': 'John', 1: [2, 4, 3]}
Standard Operators
Control Structures

  if ..
  if ..else
  if .. elif
  while
  while .. else
  for
  break
  continue
Functions & Classes

 def fname (abc) : … … return(rval)


 class cname(pclass): …
EXAMPLE:
def fact(x): """Returns the factorial of its argument, assumed to be a posint"""
if x == 0: return 1 return x * fact(x - 1)
print
print ("N fact(N)")
print ("---------")
for n in range(10):
print (n, " factorial is : ", fact(n))
Class definitions

 Class ClassName :
< statement - 1 > ...
< statement - N >
 must be executed
 can be executed conditionally
 creates new namespace
Class objects

 obj.name references (plus module!):


 class MyClass:
 "A simple example class" i = 123
 def f(self): return 'hello world‘
 >>> MyClass.i
 123
MyClass.f is method object
Files

 Files are manipulated by creating a file object


 f = open("points.txt", "r")
 The file object then has new methods
 print f.readline() # prints line from file
 Files can be accessed to read or write
 f = open("output.txt", "w")
 f.write("Important Output!")
 Files are iterable objects, like lists
Error Capture

 Check for type assignment errors, items not in a list, etc.


 Try & Except try: a block of code that might have an error except: code to execute if an
error occurs in "try"
 Allows for graceful failure – important for applications which use system resources
Popular Modules
 Cryptograpgy
M2Crypto, OpenSSL
 GUI
PyGTK, TKInter, PyQt
 Networking
RPyC, HTTPLib2
 Plotting
Matplotlib, plotly, SciPy
 Scientific
Numpy, SciPy,
 Threading
Threadpool
 Web development
Django, web2py
Thankyou

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