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Gauss Forward and Backward Interpolation

This document discusses Gauss forward and backward interpolation. Gauss forward interpolation uses forward differences below the central horizontal line and even differences on the line to calculate interpolated values. Gauss backward interpolation uses odd differences above the central line and even differences on the line. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating interpolated values using sample data sets with the Gauss forward and backward formulas.

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S Adilakshmi
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© © All Rights Reserved
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24K views12 pages

Gauss Forward and Backward Interpolation

This document discusses Gauss forward and backward interpolation. Gauss forward interpolation uses forward differences below the central horizontal line and even differences on the line to calculate interpolated values. Gauss backward interpolation uses odd differences above the central line and even differences on the line. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating interpolated values using sample data sets with the Gauss forward and backward formulas.

Uploaded by

S Adilakshmi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Gauss Forward and Backward Interpolation

Prepared by
S. Adilakshmi,
Basic Science and Humanities
GAUSS FORWARD CENTRAL DIFFERENCE TABLE:
...., x , x , x , x , x ,...
If 2 1 0 1 2 are given set of observations with common difference h and
let ....., y2 , y1, y0 , y1, y2 ,... are their corresponding values, where y  f ( x) be the
Given function then,
Gauss Forward Central Difference Table is,

We can relate the central difference operator  with  and E using


the operator relation   E
1
2
Gauss forward interpolation formula

• The value p is measured forwardly from the origin and 0<p<1.

•The above formula involves odd differences below the central


horizontal line and even differences on the line. This is explained
in the following figure.
Example: Find Solution using Gauss Forward formula when x=3.5

x 1 2 3 4 5
f(x) 1 -1 1 -1 1

Solution:

The value of table for x and y

x 1 2 3 4 5
y 1 -1 1 -1 1

Gauss's forward method to find solution

h= 2-1 =1
x  x x 3
Taking x  3 then p  0
0 h 1
Now the central difference table is

x y Δy Δ2y Δ3y Δ4y


1 1
-2
2 -1 4
2 -8
3 1 -4 16
-2 8
4 -1 4
2
5 1

x= 3.5
x  x 3.5  3
p 0  0.5
h 1

From the table


y  1, y   2, 2 y  4, 3 y  8,  4 y  16
0 0 1 1 1

Gauss's forward interpolation formula is

y  1 (0.5)(2)  (0.5)(0.5 1) (4)  (0.5 1)(0.5)(0.5 1) (8)  (0.5 1)(0.5)(0.5 1)(0.5  2) (16)
0.5 2 6 24

y  11 0.5  0.5  0.375


0.5
y  0.375
0.5
GAUSS BACKWARD DIFFERENCE TABLE
If ...., x2 , x1, x0 , x1, x2 ,... are given set of observations with common difference h and
let ....., y , y , y , y , y ,... are their corresponding values, where y  f ( x) be the
2 1 0 1 2
Given function then,
Gauss Forward difference table is
GAUSS BACKWARD DIFFERENCE FORMULA

• The value p is measured forwardly from the origin and -1<p<0.

• The above formula involves odd differences above the central


horizontal line and even differences on the line.
Example:
Find Solution using Gauss Backward formula when x=1976
x 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
f (x) 17 20 27 32 36 38
Solution:
The value of table for x and y

x 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990


y 17 20 27 32 36 38

Gauss's backward difference interpolation method to find solution

h=1950-1940=10

x  x 1976 1970
Taking x 1970 then p  0  0.6
0 h 10
Now the central difference table is

x y Δy Δ2y Δ3y Δ4y Δ5y

1940 17
3
1950 20 4
7 -6
1960 27 -2 7
5 1 -9
1970 32 -1 -2
4 -1
1980 36 -2
2
1990 38
Given
y  34.43437
0.6
y  32, y  5, 2 y  1, 3 y  1, 4 y  2, 5 y  9
0 1 1 2 2 2

Gauss's backward interpolation formula is

(0.6  1)(0.6) (0.6  1)(0.6)(0.6  1) (0.6  2)(0.6  1)(0.6)(0.6  1) (0.6  2)(0.6  1)(0.6)(0.6  1)(0.6  2)
y  32  (0.6)(5)  (1)  (1)  (2)  (9)
0.6 2 6 24 120

y  32  3  0.48  0.064  0.0832  0.104832


0.6

y  34.43437
0.6
THANK YOU

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