MINIMIZING ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN WATER HEATING

Presented by:
R YEKAMBARAM
Roll No : M180327ME

Under the guidance of

Ms. Alveena Abraham

Mr. Sai Siddhartha
Smart Joules Pvt Ltd
 Contents

 Previous presentation

 Field study of existing hot water system in Aster MIMS

1. Condensate recovery system

2. Hybrid Solar water heater

 Analysis on existing hot water systems

 Cost analysis on existing systems

 Proposed design of hot water system

 Further optimization techniques – DeJoule

 Work to be done
 Previous presentation

 Water heating requires enormous amount of energy. This heating provided by the conventional

heaters which produces carbon foot print. Efficient renewable technologies can minimize energy

consumption and reduce the carbon foot print.

 A study done on the existing hot water systems in KIMS TVM, GKNMH Coimbatore.

 Heat load calculated for the 500 bedded hospital and a Heat Pump designed.

 Comparative study done on various heaters with respect to energy and savings.

 Working of Heat Pump and advantages of Heat Pump explained

 Existing hot water system in Aster MIMS

 There are two hot water systems used to provide hot water to the hospital.

 They are :

1. Hybrid Solar Water Heating System(HSWHS)

2. Condensate recovery system

 HSWHS provides hot water to the 8th floor of the building only.

 HSWHS heats the water by using solar and electrical heaters to rise the water to required temperature.

 Boiler produces steam and steam condensed in the condensate tank. Condensate used to heat the water

in the calorifier and the hot water sent to the building.

Boiler plant room- Diesel fired boiler

Fig.1. Schematic of Boiler plant room

 Consumption (kl)

0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
0.25694444444444448
0.2638888888888889
0.27083333333333331
0.27777777777777779
0.28472222222222221
0.29166666666666669
0.2986111111111111
0.30555555555555552
Consumption(kl)
0.3125

Time

0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0.31944444444444448
6:10
0.3263888888888889
6:20
0.33333333333333331
6:30
0.34027777777777773
6:40
0.34722222222222227
6:50
Hot water consumption on 28/01/2020

0.35416666666666669
7:00
0.3611111111111111
7:10 0.36805555555555558
Total
= 10kl

7:20 0.375
7:30

Time
7:40
Consumption(kl)
7:50
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5

8:00 6:10

8:10 6:20

8:20 6:30

Fig.2. Hot water consumption patterns

Hot water consumption on 30/01/2020

8:30 6:40

8:40 6:50
Total = 17 kl

8:50 7:00
Hot water consumption pattern in the hospital

9:00 7:10
7:20
7:30
Time

7:40
7:50
8:00
8:10
8:20
Hot water consumption on 29/01/2020

8:30
8:40
Total = 7.5 kl

8:50
9:00
 Hot water consumption in a day

 The hot water consumption patterns are same for 3 three days.

 For the first 10 min, the hot water consumption is 2 kl.

 For 28 & 29th are the normal consumption recorded.

 For 30& 31, Due to coronavirus, Hospital put the patients whoever having similar symptoms like corona.

Total hot water consumption

25

Total hot water consumption(kl)

1. The average hot water consumption in the 20
20
17
16
15
hospital 7-12 kl (Approx.) 11
10
10
7.5
2. The maximum hot water consumption 5

0
recorded is 20 kl. Date

3. There should be a mixing tank having the 11/01/2020 28/01/2020 29/01/2020 30/01/2020 31/01/2020 05/02/2020

capacity of 20 kl. Fig.3. Hot water consumption

 End use temperature in the hospital

End use temperature new block End use temperature in old block
42 42
41 41
40 40
Temperature (oC)

Temperature(oC)
39 39
38 38
37 37
36 36
35 35
34 34
33 33
32 32
2 3 4 5 6 7 6 7
Floor no Floor

06/02/2020 07/02/2020 06/02/2020 07/02/2020

Fig.4. End use temperature of hot water in the hospital

 The temperature of hot water in the building is decreasing from the top floor to bottom floor.

( Convection loss)

 The maximum temperature recorded in the building was 41.1 oC.

 The maximum difference in temperature found to be 4 oC from the top to bottom floor.

 Temperature in the calorific tank was at 45oC.

Energy balance on Boiler system

Fig.5. Thermal energy balance

 Energy balance on Boiler system

The diesel consumption on the day Jan27,2020 = 410 litres

Boiler running time = 12.58 hr

Diesel consumption/hr = 32.5914 litres/hr.

The Calorific value of the diesel = 45.5 MJ/kg

The input energy to the boiler = mass of fuel x Calorific value

= 1260.47 MJ/hr

Efficiency of the boiler = 0.75[1]

Total energy given to water = 945.35 MJ/hr

The steam supplied to the laundry (Washing machines + Pressing machines)

= 240 kg/hr

The steam supplied to the CSSD = 80 kg/hr

Total steam supplied = 320 kg/hr

 Energy analysis on Boiler system

The steam generated at 4 bar pressure and 148 oC ,

The enthalpy of the steam at 4 bar and 148 oC[2] = 2748.2 kJ/kg

Enthalpy of water entering into the boiler at 30 oC = 127.01 kJ/kg

Thermal energy given to water = 2621.19 kJ/kg

The energy of steam utilized in the laundry and CSSD = 2621.19 x 320
= 838.780 MJ/hr
Total energy supplied to the condensate = 945.35 – 838.78
= 106.57 MJ/hr
Hot water supply:
The hot water consumed/hr =3.35 kl/hr (approx.)(on normal
conditions)
The energy required for hot water = 3.35 x 1000 x 4.1868 x (44 – 32)
= 168.31 MJ/hr
This energy comes from the condensate.( and this steam only utilized for 3 hrs)
 Cost analysis on Boiler system

The % energy that is going to the condensate = 8.45%

The boiler running hrs on Jan 27,2020 = 12 hrs 35 min
The energy supplied to the condensate = 106.57 x12.583 =1340.65 MJ

Energy used for hot water for 3 hrs = 504.928 MJ

The % energy used for hot water from

Condensate tank = 37.6%

(Only 10% of thermal energy from the condensate used for heating the water)

The % energy wasted by collecting condensate

Into condensate tank = 62.3%

The % of diesel wasted = 0.0845*0.623 =0.0526 = 5.26%

The cost of diesel/day wasted = 0.0526*410 *70 = ₹1509.62

the cost of diesel wasted = ₹5,51,011/year

Hybrid solar water heater

Fig.6. Schematic of solar water heating system

Hybrid Solar Water Heating System

Energy consumption
250

200
Energy consumption (kWH)

150

100

50

0
1/28/2020 1/29/2020 1/30/2020 1/31/2020

Date

Fig.7. Energy consumed by electrical heaters

 Hybrid Solar hot water system

 The electrical heaters are working for 24 hrs.

Energy used to heat the water = 3 kW * 3 * 24 = 216 kWH/day

Cost of the energy = 216 *8.71 =₹ 1881.36

 By installing timers having setpoint 5PM to 9AM, then

Working hours = 16

Energy used to heat water = 3*3*16 = 144 kWH/day

Cost of the electrical energy = ₹1440

Energy saved = 216-144 = 72 kWH/day

Amount saved = 627.12 ₹/day

Amount saved/year = 2,28,898 ₹/year

 Efficient practices can be done on existing system

 Electrical heaters in the horizontal tanks are running for 24 hrs.

 There is no control of electrical heaters.
 Although water gets heated by solar, it is no use now.

Energy saving opportunities

1. Controlling the heaters by observing return temperature of the building.

2. Switching off all heaters in the 10 am to 4 pm in sunny day.
3. Automatic controls can save the energy.
Heat pump for preheating the water

Heat
Heat
Pump
Pump

Fig.8. A proposed system for water heating

 Analysis on Hybrid Heat Pump

The data taken from the ECM notes of KIMS Trivandrum,

Power input to the Heat Pump = 54.1 kW

Heating capacity = 177.9 kW

Cooling capacity = 117.4 kW

Evaporator temperature = 12oC

Condenser temperature = 50oC

Condenser Water flow rate = 29 m3/kg

 Case1: When only Electrical Boiler are used

Efficiency of the electrical boiler =0.95[3]

At 4 bar pressure ( From steam tables[2])

Enthalpy of steam at 4 bar and 148oC temperature h2 = 2748.2 kJ/kg

Enthalpy of water at 4 bar and 30oC h1 = 127.01 kJ/kg

Heat supplied to the water = h2 – h1

= 2748.2 – 126.09

= 2622.11 kJ/kg

The electrical energy needs to supply =(2622.11/0.95) kJ/kg * H/(3600 s)

= 0.767 kWH /kg

 Case2: Heat pump coupled with Electrical Boilers

COP of the Heat pump COP = 3

Enthalpy of water at 4 bar pressure and 50oC h2 = 209.68 kJ/kg

Enthalpy of water at 4 bar and 30oC h1 = 126.09 kJ/kg

Heat supplied by the heat pump = h2 -h1

= 209.68 – 126.09

= 83.59 kJ/kg

Electrical energy needs to supply to Heat pump E 1 = 83.59/3 = 27.86 kJ/kg

= 0.0077389 kWH/kg

Enthalpy of water at 4 bar and 148oC h3 = 2748.2 kJ/kg

Heat supplied by the electrical heaters = h3 – h 2

= 2748.2 – 209.68

= 2538.2 kJ/kg

Electrical energy required for electrical boiler = 2538.2/0.95 kJ/kg*1/3600

= 0.742 kWH/kg

Total energy required to heat the water by

Heat pump with electrical heaters = 0.742 + 0.0077389

= 0.750 kWH/kg

If we replace electrical boiler with heat pump coupled with electrical boiler, the savings of energy we are
going to get is 0.017 kWH/kg
 Savings got by using Heat pump as preheater

The steam supplied to the laundry and CSSD = 320 kg/hr

No. of working hours = 15 hrs( Approx.)

Total steam in a day (approx.) = 320*15 =4800 kg

If only Electrical boiler used,

The amount of energy required = 0.767 kWH/kg * 4800 kg= 3681.6 kWH

The cost spent on the electrical energy = 3681.6 *8.71 = Rs. 32066.736

Heat pump coupled with electrical boiler = 0.750 kWH/kg

The total amount of energy required = 0.750*4800 = 3600 kWH

The cost needed to spend on heat pump coupled with electrical boiler = 31356 kWH

The amount saved by heat pump coupled with electrical boiler than the electrical boiler = 32066.7
 DeJoule- Monitoring and Controlling

DeJoule

DeJoule is a BMS system to monitor and control the systems for minimizing energy consumption.

Some of the functions are:

1. Collects, analyses and display the data in the form of various graphs.

2. Tracks the data for each minute so that if anything happens we can know the reason

3. Detailed analytics page gives the various forms of graphs and can download it.

4. Joule recipe gives the algorithms of functions to control the system for maximum energy savings.
 DeJoule for Heat Pump

The following parameters are to be monitored

1. Temperature of the evaporator and condenser

2. Power input to the compressor

3. The return temperature of calorific tank

4. Evaporative pressure and condenser pressures of heat pump

 Comparison Other BMS systems with DeJoule

WiMate’s BMS System:

1. It is a cloud based system

2. Web based portals for report

This BMS provides the readings only and no graphs. It will be difficult to analyse the data where

as DeJoule provides graphical representation of the readings helpful for understanding.

3. Customisation as per client’s requirement

Most of the cases, customer asks for what he wants to monitor in the system. DeJoule monitors all

the parameters which will helpful for minimising energy consumption

 Comparison Other BMS systems with DeJoule

GK Controls BMS System:

1. Energy ranking: Visualises and compares the data of sites, buildings.

2. Energy consumption analysis provided by this BMS is same as provided by DeJoule.

3. Heat Map: Shows the data in the form of colours which will be easy to understand where

maximum energy consumption happening.

4. Regression analysis: Plots the data and makes the trendline which will be helpful for predict

future values.
 Work to be done

Preparation of the questionnaire on hot water system and getting an industrial

visit to at least three sites. Mar-20

Preparation of site visit reports and making an analysis on savings which we can

get by implementing energy efficient system Apr-20

Designing an energy efficient hot water system (Heat Pump) and optimizing the

system with DeJoule. May-20

 References

[1] https://powertoswitch.co.uk/old-boiler-vs-new-boiler/
[2] https://www.me.iitb.ac.in/~gaitonde/fullsteam.pdf
[3] https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/home-heating-systems/furnaces-and-boilers
R Yekambaram, Minimizing energy consumption on water heating in
the hospital
Smart Joules Pvt. Ltd.
34 Shri Ram Road, Civil Lines, Delhi - 54
+91-11-43502232 (o) | Cell Phone (c)
[email protected]
www.smartjoules.in