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Fatty Acid Oxidation

Fatty acid oxidation occurs via beta-oxidation in the mitochondria of animal cells. During beta-oxidation, fatty acids are broken down into acetyl-CoA molecules. For longer chain fatty acids, a carnitine shuttle transports the fatty acids into the mitochondria. Within the mitochondria, beta-oxidation converts the fatty acids into acetyl-CoA through repeated cycles. The acetyl-CoA then enters the citric acid cycle to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

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43 views32 pages

Fatty Acid Oxidation

Fatty acid oxidation occurs via beta-oxidation in the mitochondria of animal cells. During beta-oxidation, fatty acids are broken down into acetyl-CoA molecules. For longer chain fatty acids, a carnitine shuttle transports the fatty acids into the mitochondria. Within the mitochondria, beta-oxidation converts the fatty acids into acetyl-CoA through repeated cycles. The acetyl-CoA then enters the citric acid cycle to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

Uploaded by

Utkarsh Sharma
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Fatty Acid Oxidation

Quiz
Fatty acid oxidation is called as
A. Alpha oxidation
B. Beta oxidation
Oxidation of Fatty Acids: Introduction
Oxidation of long-chain fatty acids to
• Acetyl-CoA

A central energy yielding pathway in many


organisms and tissues
Oxidation of Fatty Acids: Introduction
In mammalian heart and liver
• It provides as much as 80% of the energetic needs
under all physiological circumstances
Quiz
In beta oxidation fatty acid is converted to
A. Pyruvate
B. Lactate
C. Acetyl CoA
Oxidation of Fatty Acids: Stages
The complete oxidation of fatty acids to CO2 and H2O
takes place in three stages:
1) Beta-oxidation to acetyl-CoA
2) Oxidation of acetyl-CoA to CO2 in TCA
3) Transfer of electrons from reduced carrier to ETC
Fatty Acids are Activated and
Transported into Mitochondria
Enzymes of fatty acid oxidation in animal cells are
located in mitochondrial matrix
Quiz
FAs with 12 or less carbons enter mitochondria with
the help of membrane transporters
A. True
B. False
Fatty Acids are Activated and
Transported into Mitochondria
FAs with 12 or less carbons enter mitochondria
without the help of membrane transporters
Fatty Acids are Activated and
Transported into Mitochondria
FAs with 14 or more carbons
(Majority of FFAs obtained in the diet)
• Can’t pass directly through the mitochondrial
membrane
Fatty Acids are Activated and Transported
into Mitochondria
3 enzymatic reactions of carnitine shuttle
• First reaction is catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase
(present in outer mitochondrial membrane, OMM).
Quiz
Which is not an enzyme that help the transfer of
FAs
A. acyl-CoA synthetase
B. Carnitine
C. Carnitine acyltransferase I
Fatty Acids are Activated and Transported
into Mitochondria
Fatty acyl-CoA esters
Formed at the cytosolic side of OMM can be
• Transported into the mitochondrion
• Oxidized to produce ATP
Second Reaction of the Shuttle
Catalyzed by carnitine acyltransferase I (OMM)
FAs destined for mitochondrial oxidation are
Transiently attached to –OH group of carnitine to from
• Fatty acyl-carnitine
Second Reaction of the Shuttle
Fatty acyl-Carnitine ester
Enters the matrix by facilitated diffusion through
• Acyl-carnitine/carnitine transporter
Last Step Of Carnitine Shuttle
Fatty acyl group is transferred from
Carnitine to mitochondrial CoA by
• Carnitine acyltransferase II (IMM)
Last Step Of Carnitine Shuttle
Carnitine from matrix reenters
The inter-membrane space by
• Acyl-carnitine/carnitine transporter
β-oxidation
Fatty acid molecules are broken down to generate
acetyl-CoA
• In the cytosol in prokaryotes and
• In the mitochondria in eukaryotes
β-oxidation
Acetyl-CoA
• Enters the citric acid cycle
NADH and FADH2,
• Co-enzymes used in the electron transport chain
β-oxidation
In liver, acetyl-CoA converted to
ketone bodies
Water-soluble fuels exported to
brain and other tissues
• When glucose is not available
β-oxidation
In higher plants
Acetyl-CoA primarily serve as
biosynthetic precursors
• Only secondarily as fuel
β-oxidation
Beta oxidation in plants
Occurs in peroxisomes
• Not in mitochondria

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