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Enteroviruses: Fort Salvador

The document discusses several enteric viruses including poliovirus, norovirus, rotavirus, and coxsackie virus. It provides details on their transmission routes, symptoms caused, detection methods, and available vaccines. Poliovirus can cause paralysis and is prevented by the Salk vaccine. Norovirus causes diarrhea and vomiting and spreads rapidly in closed settings. Rotavirus primarily infects young children and causes diarrhea. Coxsackie virus has two groups that are transmitted orally or respiratory and can cause conditions affecting the skin, heart, and pancreas.

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44 views10 pages

Enteroviruses: Fort Salvador

The document discusses several enteric viruses including poliovirus, norovirus, rotavirus, and coxsackie virus. It provides details on their transmission routes, symptoms caused, detection methods, and available vaccines. Poliovirus can cause paralysis and is prevented by the Salk vaccine. Norovirus causes diarrhea and vomiting and spreads rapidly in closed settings. Rotavirus primarily infects young children and causes diarrhea. Coxsackie virus has two groups that are transmitted orally or respiratory and can cause conditions affecting the skin, heart, and pancreas.

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Fort Salvador
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ENTEROVIRUSES

Fort Salvador
POLIOVIRUS

• Causes poliomyelitis
• Naked, icosahedral, positive-sense ssRNA virus – Picornaviridae
• Transmitted via the oro-fecal route
• Replicated in the oropharynx and small intestine
• Lands in the CNS via the blood or retrograde transport
• Replicates in the anterior horn motor neurons
POLIOVIRUS

• Most infections are asymptomatic – 1% are apparent


• Abortive polio – headache, sore throat, nausea, vomiting
• Nonparalytic – aseptic meningitis
• Paralytic – flaccid paralysis due to meningomyeloencephalitis; purely motor
• Involvement of the brainstem can lead to respiratory failure
• Postpolio syndrome – deterioration of whatever’s left
• Virus excretion in the feces may occur
POLIOVIRUS

• Detected via viral culture and isolation via


fluorescent antibodies
• Symptomatic treatment
• Prevented by the killed (Salk) viral vaccine
(intramuscular)
• Preferred over the live vaccine because it
doesn’t cause reversion
NOROVIRUS

• Naked, icosahedral, positive-sense ssRNA – Caliciviridae


• Oro-fecal transmission, person-to-person
• Outbreaks happen in cruise ships, camps, nursing homes, schools
• Due to resistance to chlorination and drying; increased shedding before symptoms
occur and after disease stops
• Infects mainly the intestinal cells
NOROVIRUS

• Causes watery diarrhea, vomiting, low-grade fever, abdominal cramping


• Some manifest with photophobia, meningismus
• PCR may be done
• No vaccine available – use PH measures
ROTAVIRUS

• Naked, double-layered icosahedral capsid with a segmented, negative-sense


dsRNA virus – Reoviridae
• Transmitted feco-orally
• Attaches to the β-adrenergic receptor
• Induces excretion of water, ions into the lumen
• Stimulating the GIT
• Infects mostly young children: nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea
• Detected via PCR or ELISA of stool specimens
• Prevented via an oral, live attenuated vaccine
COXSACKIE VIRUS

• Two groups: Coxsackie A and B


• Naked, icosahedral, positive-sense ssRNA virus – Picornaviridae
COXSACKIE VIRUS

• Transmitted via the oro-fecal and respiratory routes


• Replicate in the oropharynx and intestines
• Spread via the blood to the skin and mucous membranes
(coxsackie A) and internal organs (coxsackie B)
• Both can infect the meninges and anterior horn cells
• Coxsackie A
• Herpangina – fever, sore throat, tender vesicles in the oropharynx
• Hand, foot, mouth disease – vesicular lesions on palms and soles;
ulcers in the mouth
COXSACKIE VIRUS

• Coxsackie B
• Pleurodynia (devil’s grip) – fever and pleuritic chest pain (myositis
of intercostals)
• Myocarditis and pericarditis – fever, chest pain, HF
• May cause dilated cardiomyopathy with global hypokinesia
• Pancreatic damage – juvenile diabetes
• Both virus types
• Aseptic meningitis (along with Echovirus; most common)
• Mild paresis, acute flaccid paralysis
• URTIs
• Detected via PCR

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