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Unit-1 RPT Introduction

The document discusses the history and development of rapid prototyping. It describes how competition drove the need for faster product development processes. This led to three phases of prototyping: manual prototyping, virtual prototyping using CAD/CAM/CAE, and rapid prototyping which uses technologies like 3D printing to physically produce prototypes extremely quickly. Rapid prototyping represents a major breakthrough and watershed event, allowing complex prototypes to be made in just weeks rather than the months required previously.

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Pradeep Kumar
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70 views

Unit-1 RPT Introduction

The document discusses the history and development of rapid prototyping. It describes how competition drove the need for faster product development processes. This led to three phases of prototyping: manual prototyping, virtual prototyping using CAD/CAM/CAE, and rapid prototyping which uses technologies like 3D printing to physically produce prototypes extremely quickly. Rapid prototyping represents a major breakthrough and watershed event, allowing complex prototypes to be made in just weeks rather than the months required previously.

Uploaded by

Pradeep Kumar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RAPID PROTOTYPING

INTRODUCTION
• THE COMPETITION IN THE WORLD MARKET FOR MANUFACTURED
PRODUCTS HAS INTENSIFIED TREMENDOUSLY IN RECENT YEARS

• IT HAS BECOME IMPORTANT,IF NOT VITAL, FOR NEW PRODUCTS TO


REACH MARKET AS EARLY AS POSSIBLE,BEFORE THE COMPETITOR’S

• TO BRING PRODUCTS TO THE MARKET SWIFTLY,MANY OF THE


PROCESSES IN VOLVED IN
DESIGN,
TEST,
MANUFACTURE
AND MARKET HAVE TO BE SQUEEZED,BOTH IN TERMS OF TIME AND MATERIAL
RESOURCE
• The efficient use of such valuable resources calls for new tools and approaches in dealing with them and many of these tools and approaches have been evolved.
• They are mainly technologically driven usaully using involving the computer
• This is mainly a result of the rapid development and advancement in such technologies over the few decades.
• In product development, time pressure has been a major factor in determining the direction and success of developing new methods and advanced technologies
• They also have direct impact on oldage practice of
prototyping in the product development process.

This subject will introduce and examine in a clear


and detailed way one such development, namely
that of Rapid prototyping(RP)
What is a Prototyping
• Rapid prototype (or) Rapid prototyping is a relatively
new term and in its simplest form,the process of creating
prototypes quickly to visually and functionally evaluate
an engineering product design.
• In an engineering product design context, a prototype is a
preliminary version of the end product and used to
evaluate the design,test the technology (or) analyse the
working priniciple which in turn provides product
specifications for a real working system.
• Prototyping are an integral part of engineering product
design and more importantly in an over all new product
• Rapid prototyping can be used at any stage of the product
development cycle (or) for any component (or) sub –
component and can be repeated numerous times along the
new product design process.
• To be enough to be able to cover all aspects of the meaning of
the word prototype for use in design,it is very loosely defined
here as:
• An approximation of a product (or system) or its
components in some form for a definite purpose in its
implementation.
• This very general definition departs from the usual
accepted concept of the prototype being physical.
• It covers all kinds of prototypes used in the product
development process, including objects like mathematical
models, pencil sketches, foam models and of course the
functional physical approximation or exact replica of the
product.
• Prototyping is the process of realizing these protypes.
Here, the process can range from just an execution of a
computer program to the actual building of a functional
prototype.
Need for the compression in the product development

•To increase effective communication.

•To decrease development time.

•To decrease costly mistakes.

•To minimize sustaining engineering changes.

•To extend product life time by adding necessary features & eliminating redundant features early in the design.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
• The Development of RP is closely tied in with the development of
applications of computers in the industry. The declining cost of
computers especially of personal computers, has altered the way
a factory works.
• The increase in the use of computers has spurred the
advancement in many computer-related areas including
CAD,CAM,CNC machine tools.
• In particular the emergence of RP systems could not have been
possible without the exsistence of cad.
•The Historical Development of relevant technologies related to RP from the estimated date of
inception.
Year Technology
• 1770 Mechanization
• 1946 First computer
• 1952 First Numerical control(NC)Machine tool
• 1960 First numerical Laser
• 1961 First commercial Robot
• 1963 First Interactive graphics system
• 1988 First Commercial Rapid prototyping system
Three phases of Development Leading to RP
•Prototyping or model making in the traditional sense in an age-old
practice.
The intention of having a physical prototype is to relize the
conceptualization of a design.Thus ,a prototype is usally required before
the start of the full production of the product.
•The fabrication of proto types is experimented in many forms-Material
removal, castings, molds ,joining with adhesives etc. and with many
material types-aluminum, zinc, urethanes, wood, etc.
•Prototyping processes have gone through three phases of development,
the last two of which have emerged only in the last 20 years. Like the
modeling process in computer graphics, the prototyping of physical
models is growing through its third phase.
The Three phases are described as follows

• First Phase: Manual Prototyping


• Second Phase: Soft or Virtual Prototyping
• Third Phase: RP
First Phase: Manual Prototyping

• Prototyping had begun as early as humans started to develop tools


to help them live.
• However, prototyping as applied to products in what is considered
to be the first phase of prototype development began several
centuries ago.
• In this early phase prototypes typically are not very sophisticated
and fabrication of prototypes takes on average about four
weeks,depending on the level of complexity and representativeness.
• The techniques used in making these prototypes tend to be craft-
based and are usually extremely labour intensive
Second Phase: Soft or Virtual Prototyping
• As applications of CAD/CAM/CAE become more wide spread, the early 1980s
saw the evolution of the second phase of prototyping-Soft or Virtual
Prototyping.
• Virtual prototyping takes on a new meaning as more computer tools become
available-computer models can now be stressed,tested,analyzed and modified as
if they were physical prototypes.
• For example,analysis of stress and strain can be accuarately predicted on the
product because of the ability to specify exact material attributes and properties.
• With such tools on the computer,several iterations of designs can be easily
carried out by changing the parameters of the computer models
• As products and their corresponding prototypes
become twice as complex as before,the time
required to make the physical model increases
trememndously to about 16 weeks.
• This is because the prototyping process still
depends on craft-based techniques ,higher
precision machines such as CNC, become available
Third Phase: RP

• RP of physical parts,otherwise known as solid free-form fabrication


or desktop manufacturing or layer manufacturing
technology,represents the third phase in the evolution of
prototyping.
• The invention of this series of RP methodologies is described as a
‘watershed event”because of the tremendous time
savings,especially for complicated and difficult to produce models.
• Though parts are relatively three times as complex as parts made in
1970s,the time required to make such a apart now averages only
three weeks.since 1988 more than 30 different RP techniciques have
emereged and commercialized

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