Introduction to Virtualization
Slides are prepared from VMware official Study material
Welcome!!
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Learning Outcomes
Understanding of:
Virtualization concepts
Types of hypervisors
Network virtualization
Virtual Desktop Infrastructure
Virtualization
• It refers to the act of creating virtual (rather then actual)
version of something
• It may include but not limited to computer hardware,
operating software, storage and network resources
Topology of Physical Data Center
Administering and maintaining a physical data center is time consuming and often inefficient
Virtual Infrastructure
• Virtualization enables you to run more workloads (VMs) on a single
server by consolidating the environment so that Applications run on
VMs
Overview
• Fundamental idea – abstract hardware of a single computer into several different execution environments
– Similar to layered approach
– But layer creates virtual system (virtual machine, or VM) on which operation systems or applications
can run
• Several components
– Host – underlying hardware system
– Virtual machine manager (VMM) or hypervisor – creates and runs virtual machines by providing
interface that is identical to the host
• (Except in the case of paravirtualization)
– Guest – process provided with virtual copy of the host
• Usually an operating system
• Single physical machine can run multiple operating systems concurrently, each in its own virtual machine
System Models
(a) Nonvirtual machine (b) Virtual machine
What is Kernel ?
The kernel is the central module of an operating system (OS). It is the
part of the operating system that loads first, and it remains in main
memory
It has to be small as possible as it stays in the memory
Typically, the kernel is responsible for memory management, process
and task management, and disk management
Types of Virtualization
Full Virtualization:
• In Full virtualization, the virtual machine simulates enough hardware to
allow an unmodified “guest” OS to be run in isolation. It has the
following two types
– Type 1 Hypervisor
– Type 2 Hypervisor
Paravirtualization:
• Technique in which the guest operating system is modified to work
in cooperation with the VMM to optimize performance
Type 1 Hypervisor (Bare Metal)
• Operating-system-like software built to provide virtualization
[ Bare-Metal (Hypervisor) Architectures ]
– VMware ESXi /ESX
– KVM
– Xen
• Also, includes general-purpose operating systems that provide
standard functions as well as VMM functions
– Hyper-V
– and RedHat Linux with KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine)
Type 2 Hypervisor
Applications that run on standard operating systems but provide VMM
features to guest operating systems
• VMware workstation (32Bit guests)
• Oracle Virtual PC
Benefits and Features
• Host system protected from VMs, VMs protected from each other
– I.e. A virus less likely to spread
– Sharing is provided though via shared file system volume, network
communication
• Freeze, suspend, running VM
– Then can move or copy somewhere else and resume
– Snapshot of a given state, able to restore back to that state
• Some VMMs allow multiple snapshots per VM
– Clone by creating copy and running both original and copy
• Great for OS research, better system development efficiency
• Run multiple, different OSes on a single machine
– Consolidation, app dev, etc…
Benefits and Features (cont.)
• Templating – create an OS + application VM, provide it to customers, use it
to create multiple instances of that combination
• Live migration – move a running VM from one host to another!
– No interruption of user access
• All those features taken together -> cloud computing
– Using APIs, programs tell cloud infrastructure (Cloud Components:
servers, networking, storage) to create new guests, VMs, virtual desktops
Licensing
• Virtual machines running proprietary operating systems require
licensing, regardless of the host machine’s operating system
• For example, installing Microsoft Windows in to a VM guest requires
its licensing requirement to be satisfied
Desktop Virtualization
• Desktop virtualization is a concept of separating the logical desktop
from physical machine
• Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) is more advance form of hardware
virtualization
• User interact with the host computer using another desktop computer
or mobile device through LAN or even the Internet
VDI benefits
• Centralized environment
• More efficient client environment that is easier to maintain
• Less requirement of Desktop support
• Portability
• Cost efficient as “Thin Client” are cheaper and require no high-end
hardware and software configuration
• Scalability
Review Questions
What are latest type 2 hypervisors available in the market these days
What is thin provisioning
What is CPU virtualization
Thank you
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