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Lecture 3

EC3 Part 1-1 covers the design of steel structures according to Eurocode 3. It includes 9 chapters but excludes those on fabrication, testing, and fatigue. It defines terms for structural elements, systems, and connections. Specific terms are introduced for member lengths, joint types, frame behavior, material grades, design checks, and serviceability limits for deflections and vibrations.

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20 views12 pages

Lecture 3

EC3 Part 1-1 covers the design of steel structures according to Eurocode 3. It includes 9 chapters but excludes those on fabrication, testing, and fatigue. It defines terms for structural elements, systems, and connections. Specific terms are introduced for member lengths, joint types, frame behavior, material grades, design checks, and serviceability limits for deflections and vibrations.

Uploaded by

xang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1

Introduction to EC3

EN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of Steel


Structures
2

Structure of EC3 Part 1-1

 EC3 Part 1-1 comprises 9 chapters and a


number of Appendices
 This course excludes Chapters 7-9:
– Chapter 7 Fabrication and erection
– Chapter 8 Design assisted by testing
– Chapter 9 Fatigue
 Appendices are generally not referred to
directly
3

General terminology

 Eurocodes use a number of precise terms:


– Form of structure - the generic nature of
structural elements or overall system
– Type of construction - principal material
– Method of construction - how it is carried out
 EC3 includes a number of further terms:
– Frame - an assembly of structural elements
– Sub-frame - part frame used for analysis
4

Special terms in EC3

 Some precise terms are used in EC3:


– Type of framing:
Simple – joints do not resist moments
Continuous – joints assumed to be rigid
Semi-continuous – connection characteristics need explicit
consideration in analysis
– Lengths relating to member stability:
System length: length between lateral restraints/end
Buckling length: equivalent pin-ended system length
5

Special terms in EC3 (Joints)

 Partial strength joints: design resistance less


than the connected member
 Pinned joints: joints not capable of
transmitting significant bending moments
 Rigid joints: deform insufficient to affect
internal forces distribution
 Semi-rigid joints: neither pinned nor rigid.
6

Special terms in EC3 (frames)

 Braced frames: sway resisted by a stiff bracing


system
 Unbraced frames: inadequate sway resistance
by bracing system
 Sway frames: insufficient lateral stiffness
horizontal displacements must be accounted for
 Non-sway frame: sufficient lateral stiffness
ignore forces from horizontal displacements
7

Material properties

 Three nominal grades of steel (EN 10 025):


– Fe 360 nominal yield strength = 235N/mm2
– Fe 430 nominal yield strength = 275N/mm2
– Fe 510 nominal yield strength = 355N/mm2
 Strengths reduce for t > 40mm and 100mm
 For all structural steels E = 210 kN/mm 2.
 Special requirements for plastic analysis,
fracture toughness, and cold-formed steel
8

Design checks

 Design checks depend on type of ‘structure’


 frames must be checked for:
– resistance of cross-sections
– resistance of members
– resistance of connections
– frame stability
– static equilibrium
 tension members need only be checked for
– resistance of cross-sections
9

Ultimate Limit State

 Check under factored loads


 ‘Effects’ on individual elements determined
by analysis
 Elements designed as isolated components
 Design checks depend on type of member
10

Serviceability Limit State -


deflections

 deflection limits are categorised for:


– roofs generally.
– roofs frequently carrying personnel other than
for maintenance.
– floors generally.
– floors & roofs with brittle finish or partitions.
– floors supporting columns
– case where deflection impairs appearance
11

Serviceability Limit State -


vibrations

 Dynamic effects to be considered are


– vibration caused by machinery
– self-induced vibrations
Different natural frequencies for structure
and source avoids resonance
12

Serviceability Limit State -


vibrations (cont)

 Vibration of structures in public areas


should be limited to avoid discomfort.
 Checked by dynamic analysis
 Limiting lowest natural frequency to
– 3 Hz for floors with regular access
– 5 Hz for gymnasia or dance halls.
 Alternatively ensure adequate stiffness by
limiting deflections.

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