ASME SECT.

VIII DIV-I

CODES, STANDARDS &

SPECIFICATIONS
 ASME Section VIII Division-1, 2 & 3
Historical Development of ASME Section VIII
Div- 1, 2 & 3
– In the early 20th century, explosion of steam boilers
in U.S was frequent. Occurring rate 1/day.
– 1914: ASME Boiler and pressure vessel code is
published.
– 1925: First publication of Section VIII – Unfired
Pressure Vessels.
– 1934: API+ASME jointly published unfired pressure
vessel code for petroleum industry.
– 1952: These two codes are merged in to single code:
ASME Unfired Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII
– 1968: ASME Section VIII Div-2 is published and
original code became Div-1
– 1997: ASME Sec VIII division 3 is published.
 ASME Section VIII Division-1, 2 & 3
ASME Section VIII codes are most widely used worldwide.
Section VIII is divided into three divisions:
– Division 1: Rules for construction of pressure vessels
– Division 2: Alternative Rules for construction of
pressure vessels.
– Division 3: Alternative Rules for construction of high
pressure vessels.
Division 1 is used most often since it contains sufficient
requirements for majority of pressure vessels.
The main objective of ASME Code rules is to establish the
minimum requirements that are necessary for safe
construction and operation.
ASME Code defines the requirements for material, design,
fabrication, inspection and testing which are needed to
achieve a safe design.
 ASME Section VIII Division-1
Scope:
– Applicable for pressure between 15 psig and
3000 psig.
– Code requirements do not apply to non
pressure parts, however welds which attach
non pressure parts on pressure parts shall
meet code rules.
 World Wide Pressure Vessel
Codes
Different industrial nations, institutions and organizations have
developed standards and codes of the pressure vessel for
– Design
– Fabrication
– Inspection
These codes and standards help the Design,Fabrication,
Inspection engineer to size the vessel properly for its safe
operation.
Advantages of design codes:
– Proven design based on experience.
– Inbuilt factor of safety.
– Amendments of codes are being done at regular interval
based on feed back data, design improvements and
technological up gradation in materials and fabrication
processes.
 ASME Section VIII Division-1
Scope:
– Code identifies specific items for which it is
not applicable. This includes:
Fired process tubular heaters (e.g. furnaces).
Pressure containers which are integral part of
mechanical devices (e.g. pumps, turbines).
Piping system and their components.
 ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSELS CODES

I. POWER BOILERS
II. MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS
III. NUCLEAR POWER PLANT COMPONENTS
IV. HEATING BOILERS
V. NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION
VI. RECOMMANDATED RULES FOR CARE &
OPERATION OF HEATING BOILERS
VII. RECOMMANDATED RULE FOR CARE OF POWER BOILERS
VIII. PRESSURE VESSELS –DIVISION-1 ,DIVISION-2 & DIVISION-3
IX. WELDING & BRAZING QUALIFICATIONS.
X. FIBERGLASS-REINFORCED PLASTIC PRESSURE VESSELS
XI. RULES FOR INSERVICE INSPECTION OF NUCLEAR POWER
PLANT COMPONENTS
XII. RULES FOR CONSTRUCTION AND CONTINUED SERVICE OF
TRANSPORT TANKS.
 ASME Section VIII Division-1
Structure of Sec VIII Div-1: It is divided
into three subsections:
– Subsection A: It consists part UG, general
requirements for Method of construction .
that apply to all pressure vessel parts,
– Subsection B: It covers requirements that
apply to various fabrication methods.
Subsection B consists of –
Part UW for welded construction
Part UF for forged construction
Part UB for brazed construction
- Subsection C: It covers requirements for several
classes of material.
Structure of ASME Section VIII Div-1

ASME SEC –VIII DIV- 1 Consists of:

– Introduction -U
– Subsection A -General Requirements
(Part UG)
– Subsection B -Specific Requirements - Methods
(Parts UW, UF, UB)
– Subsection C -Specific Requirements - Materials
(Parts UCS, UNF, UHA, UCI, UCL,
UCD, UHT, ULW, ULT, UHX)
– Mandatory Appendices
-Appendix 1 to 40
– Non Mandatory Appendices
-Appendix A, C, … LL, MM (25 nos.)
Subsection A -General Requirements

Part UG : General Requirements for all Methods of

Construction and all Materials
– Materials UG-4 to UG-15
– Design UG-16 to UG-35
– Openings and Reinforcement
UG-36 to UG-46
– Braced and stayed surfaces
UG-47 to UG-50
– Ligaments UG-53 to UG-55
– Fabrication UG-75 to UG-85
– Inspection and Tests UG-90 to UG-103
– Markings and Reports UG-115 to UG-120
– Pressure Relief Devices UG-125 to UG-137
Subsection B -Requirements pertaining to
methods of Fabrication of Pressure Vessels
Part UW : Requirements for Pressure vessels fabricated
by Welding
– General UW-1 to UW-3
– Materials UW-5
– Design UW-8 to UW-21
– Fabrication UW-26 to UW-42
– Inspection and Tests UW-46 to UW-53
– Markings and Reports UW-60
– Pressure Relief Devices UW-65
Part UF : Requirements for Pressure vessel fabricated by
Forging
Part UB : Requirements for Pressure vessel fabricated by
Brazing
 Subsection C -Requirements pertaining
to Classes of Materials

Part UCS – Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of

Carbon and Low Alloy Steels
Part UNF – Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of
Non Ferrous Materials
Part UHA – Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of
High Alloy Steel
Part UCI – Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of
Cast Iron
Part UCL – Requirements for Welded Pressure Vessels Constructed
of Material non corrosion resistant, Integral Cladding,
Weld Metal Overlay, Cladding or with Applied Linings
Part UCD – Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of
Cast Ductile Iron
Subsection C -Requirements pertaining
to Classes of Materials(Continued)

Part UHT – Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of

Ferritic Steels with Tensile Properties enhanced by
Heat Treatment
Part ULW – Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of
Layered Construction
Part ULT – Alternative Rules for Pressure Vessels Constructed of
Material having higher allowable stresses at lower
temperatures
Part UHX – Rules for Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
 ASME SEC VIII DIV 1
COVERS THE DESIGN OF PRESSURE COMPONENTS AS LISTED BELOW
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. UG-27 ----- THK OF SHELLS UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE
2. UG-28 ----- THK OF SHELLS UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE
3. UG-29 -----STIFFENING RINGS OF CYLINDRICAL SHELLS UNDER
EXTERNAL PRESSURE
4. UG-32 & 33 ---- FORMED HEAD , COVERS ELLIPSOIDAL, TORISHERICAL,
HEMISHERICAL, CONICAL & TORICONICAL HEADS.
5. UG-34 ---- UNSTAYED FLAT HEADS & COVERS
6. UG-36 & 37 ---- OPENING IN PRESSURE VESSELS & REINFORCEMENTS
7. UG-41 ---- STRENGTH OF REINFORCEMENTS
8. UG -47 ----- BRACED & STAYED SURFACE
9. UG – 53 – LIGAMENT
10. UW-12 & 15 – WELD EFFICIENCY & WELDED CONNECTION DESIGN
11. UCS -56 – REQUIRMENT OF PWHT
12. UG -99 & 100 – HYDROTEST & PNUMATIC TEST REQUIREMENT
PRESSURE VESSEL ASME SEC VIII DIV 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---
UG-27 ----- THK OF SHELLS UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE
UG-28 ----- THK OF SHELLS UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE
UG-29 -----STIFFENING RINGS OF CYLINDRICAL SHELLS UNDER
EXTERNAL PRESSURE
UG-32 & 33 ---- FORMED HEAD , COVERS ELLIPSOIDAL,
TORISHERICAL, HEMISHERICAL, CONICAL & TORICONICAL HEADS.
UG-34 ---- UNSTAYED FLAT HEADS & COVERS
UG-36 & 37 ---- OPENING IN PRESSURE VESSELS &
REINFORCEMENTS
UG-41 ---- STRENGTH OF REINFORCEMENTS
UG -47 ----- BRACED & STAYED SURFACE
UG – 53 – LIGAMENT
UW-12 & 15 – WELD EFFICIENCY & WELDED
CONNECTION DESIGN
UCS -56 – REQUIRMENT OF PWHT
UG -99 & 100 – HYDROTEST & PNUMATIC TEST
REQUIREMENT
 ASME Section VIII Division-1
Division 1 also consists mandatory and
non mandatory appendices:
– Mandatory Appendices:
It addresses the subjects that are not covered
elsewhere in the code.
Requirements of this appendices are mandatory.
– Nonmandatory Appendices:
It provides information and suggested good
practices.
Requirements of these appendices are not
mandatory unless specified in purchase order.
 ASME Section VIII Division-2
– Scope of division 2 is identical to that of
division 1, however there is no limitation on
higher pressure.
– Allowable stress values are higher for
division 2 that division 1, hence division 2
vessels are thinner
– Vessels constructed with division 2 are
economical over division 1 when saving in
material cost is higher than the additional
cost required to meet stringent requirements
of division 2.
– Economical for higher pressure applications
and for more expensive alloy materials.
 ASME Section VIII Division 1
and 2
No limitation on pressure,
however Div-3 is
1. Pressure limit Up to 3000 psig -->
applicable above 10000
psig -->>
2. Design Factor 3.5 3
Membrane Stress Membrane Stress +
3. Stress Analysis
--> Bending Stress, Fatigue
Max. Principal Stress Maximum Shear Stress
4. Stress Theory
Theory --> Theory -->>
5. Joint Efficiency 0.75 to 1.0 No Joint Efficiency Factor
6. .Engineer. U.D.S. &Design Report
Not Required
Certification Certification Required
7. Hydrostatic
1.3 * MAWP 1.25 * Design Pressure
Test Pressure
8. Material Weight Higher Than Div. 2 15 % Less than Div. 1
 ASME Section VIII Division-3
– Applied to vessels operating at internal or
external design pressure is generally above
10000 psig.
– Design rules:
Maximum shear stress
Elastic plastic analysis
Fracture mechanics evaluation
– Material and NDE requirements more
stringent than division 1 and 2
PARTS OF THE PRESSURE
VESSELS
1. HEADS/END CLOSURES
2. SHELL
3. NOZZLES
4. SUPPORTS
5. NOZZLE REINFORCEMENT PADS
6. INTERNALS & EXTERNAL
ATTACHMENTS
 Design considerations
FOLLOWING LOADINGS TO BE CONSIDERED IN DESIGNING THE
VESSELS AS PER ASME SEC. VIII DIV. I ( CLAUSE UG-22)

1. INTERNAL DESIGN PRESSURE AT DESIGN TEMPRATURE.

2. EXTERNAL DESIGN PRESSURE AT DESIGN TEMPRATURE.
3. WEIGHT OF THE VESSEL AT OPERATING AND TEST CONDITION.
4. LOAD DUE TO ATTACHED EQUIPMENTS.
5. WELD JOINT EFFICIENCY.
6. EXTERNAL / INTERNAL ATTACHMENT
7. SEISMIC LOADING.
8. WIND LOADING.
9. FATIGUE LOADING DUE TO THERMAL AND PRESSURE VARIATIONS.
10. CORROSION ALLOWANCES.
 WHAT IS PRESSURE VESSEL ?
PRESSURE VESSEL IS CONTAINER FOR THE CONTAINMENT OF PRESSURE,
EITHER INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL.
THIS PRESSURE MAY BE OBTAINED FROM AN EXTERNAL SOURCE, OR BY
THE APPLICATION OF HEAT FROM A DIRECT OR INDIRECT SOURCE, OR ANY
COMBINATION THEREOF.

 TYPE OF VESSELS DEPENDING UPON THE ORIENTATION:

1. HORIZONTAL VESSEL
2. VERTICAL VESSEL

 TYPE OF VESSEL DEPENDING UPON THE FUNCTIONS :

1. STORAGE VESSEL
2. COLUMNS / ADSORBERS
3. SHELL & TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
 SHELL
 SHELL IS THE MAIN PART OF THE VESSEL.
 TYPES OF THE SHELL
1. CYLINDRICAL SHELL
2. SPHERICAL SHELL

 DESIGN OF CYLINDRICAL SHELL UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE AS PER ASME SEC-VIII

DIV-1, CL. UG-27.

 FOR EXTERNAL DESIGN PRESSURE, SHELL TO BE DESIGN AS PER ASME SEC-VIII DIV-
1 CL. UG-28
VESSEL CONSTRUCTION
Long. Seam Circ. Seam

D’end

Shell Nozzle
 Typical Vessel

BOT D-End CIRC. LONG D/E

SPOOL SEAM SEAM SEAM

MANWAY
NOZZLE

SHELL
D-End NOZZLE
 HEADS / ENDCLOSURES
 HEAD IS THE PART WHICH CLOSES THE END OPENING OF THE CYL.
SHELL
 TYPES OF THE HEADS :
1. HEMISPHERICAL HEAD
2. ELLIPTICAL HEAD
3. TORISPHERICAL HEAD
4. CONICAL HEAD
5. TORICONICAL HEAD
6. BOLTED BLIND FLANGE
 DESIGN OF ELLIPTICAL HEAD UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE AS
PER ASME SEC-VIII DIV-1, CL. UG-32.

FOR EXTERNAL DESIGN PRESSURE, HEAD TO BE DESIGN AS PER

ASME SEC-VIII DIV-1 CL. UG-33
Formed Heads (Continued…)
SINGLE PIECE DISHEND
 CROWN & PETAL D’END

Petals
Crown

Crown
Plate

Petal Plate
TORISPHERICAL
DISHEND

Seamless(one-piece head)
 HEMISPHERICAL DISHEND

Spherical seamless head(ID 3.4mt., 92mmThk.,steel SA387 Gr 11)

 FLAT HEADS

Flat Head (OD 4.1mt,Knuckle radius 100mm)

BOLTED BLIND FLANGE
Detail of Manhole
 NOZZLES / CONNECTIONS
 NOZZLES ARE THE OPENINGS PROVIDED IN THE SHELL/ HEAD FOR
CONNECTING THE EXTERNAL PIPING WITH VESSEL.

 NOZZLES CONSISTS OF NOZZLE NECK, FLANGE & RF PAD

TYPES OF THE NOZZLES / CONNECTIONS :

1. PIPE NECK WITH FLANGE CONNECTION
2. FORGED NECK WITH FLANGE CONNECTION

NOZZLE NECK TO BE DESIGNED AS PER ASME SEC VIII DIV I

CL. UG-45
 RF PAD FOR THE NOZZLE TO BE DESIGNED AS PER ASME SEC VIII
DIV I CL. UG-36
 NON STD. FLANGE TO BE DESIGNED AS PER ASME SEC VIII DIV I,
APPX-2 & STD FLANGE TO BE SELECTED AS PER UG-44/ASME B16.5
Nozzle Details
 SUPPORTS FOR VESSEL
 SUPPORTS ARE REQUIRED FOR THE INSTALLATION OF THE VESSEL
ON THE FOUNDATION.

 TYPE OF SUPPORTS
1. LEG TYPE SUPPORT
2. SKIRT TYPE SUPPORT (CYLINDRICAL/CONICAL)
3 BRACKET TYPE SUPPORT
4. SADDLE SUPPORT –
SKIRT DETAIL
Detail of Skirt
MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION FOR VESSEL
 ASME LISTS THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF THE MATERIAL FOR PLATES,
FORGINGS, PIPES, TUBES, FLANGES & FITTING. --- ASME SEC II PART
A,B,C & D

 REFER TABLE UCS-23 FOR CARBON AND LOW ALLOW STEEL

 REFER TABLE UHA-23 FOR HIGH ALLOY STEEL.

 FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS
1. WELD JOINT CATEGORIES AS PER UW-3
2. WELD JOINT EFFICIENCY AS PER UW-12
3. WELDING OF NOZZLES WITH SHELL AS PER
UW-16
4. WELDING/WELDER QUALIFICATION AS PER
ASME SEC IX
5. PWHT REQUIREMENT AS PER ASME SEC VIII
DIV .1 , CL. UG-56
6. IMPACT TEST REQUIREMENT AS PER UCS-65/66
 ASME Section VIII Division-1:
Fabrication
It covers the fabrication requirements as
listed below
– Weld joint categories as per UW-3
– Weld joint efficiency as per UW –12
– Welding of nozzles with shell as per UW –16
– Welding/welder qualification as per ASME
Sec IX
– PWHT requirement as per UG-56
– Impact test requirement as per UCS-65 &
UG 84
 ASME Section VIII Division-1:
Fabrication
Weld Joint Categories UW-3
 NDT TESTING
 ALL BUTT JOINTS TO BE RT/UT/MPT/DP TESTED AS PER ASME CODE
REQUIREMENT
 ALL CORNER JOINTS e.g. NOZZLE TO SHELL JOINT SHALL BE MPT/DP
TESTED.
ALL FILLET WELDS SHALL BE DP TESTED.
 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR NDT REQUIREMENT FOR WELD JOINT

Appendix 4 Rounded Indications Charts Acceptance Standard

for Radiographically Determined Rounded Indication in Welds
Appendix 6 Methods for Magnetic Particle Examination (MT)
Appendix 8 Methods for Liquid Penetrate Examination (PT)
Appendix 12 Ultrasonic Examination of Welds (UT)

 EQUIPMENT TEST :
- HYDROTEST --> 1.3 x DESIGN PRESSURE (UG-99)
– PNEUMATIC TEST ---> 1.1 x DESIGN PRESSURE (UG-100)

 OFFICIAL STAMP FOR CODED VESSELS

– ‘U’ STAMPS --- ASME SEC. VIII DIV.1
 PREHEATING REQUIREMENT
PREHEATING REDUCES THE SUSCEPTIBILTY OF THE
WELDMENT TO COLD CTACKING /HYDROGEN CRACKING
PREHEATING REQUIREMENTS DEPENDING ON THE
CARBON EQUIVALENT (CE)
CE % SUGGESTED TEMP
UP TO 0.45 % OPTIONAL
0.45 % TO 0.60 % 200-400 F
ABOVE 0.60 % 400 – 700 F
EFFECT OF PREHEATING :
1. ELIMINATES THE DANGER OF CRACK FORMATION
2. MINIMIZES HARD ZONE ADJACENT TO WLED
3. MINIMIZES THE SHRINKAGE STRESS
4. MINIMIZES THE DESTORTION
 POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT
OBJETCIVE:
1.TO REDUCE THE RESIDUAL STRESSES AT WELD & HAZ
2.TO MODIFY THE MICRO-STRUCTURE (HAZ)

EFFECT:
1. SUSCETIBLITIES TO BRITTLE FAILURE
DECREASES.
2. RESISTANCE TO STRESS CORROSION
CRACKING INCREASES.
3. DIMENSIONAL STABILITIES INCREASES.

PWHT PARAMETER
1. HEATING RATE
2. SOAKING TEMPERATURE
3. COOLING RATE
 Part UCS (Continued…)
UCS-56 – PWHT
CODE EXTRACT FOR HEAT TREATMENT

P. NO. HOLDING TEMP. NOM. SOAKING PERIOD

THICKNE
SS
1 ( CARBON 1100 DEG. F(593’ UPTO 2” 1 HR. PER INCH. ,
STEEL) & 3 C) HOWEVER 15 MINUTES
(LOW ALLOY MINIMUM
STEEL)
OVER 2” 2 HOURS , PLUS 15 MIN.
TO 5” FOR EACH ADDITIONAL
INCH ABOVE 2”
OVER 5 ” 2 HOURS , PLUS 15 MIN.
FOR EACH ADDITIONAL
INCH ABOVE 2”

* POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT IS MANDATORY ON P-NO.3 GR. NO. 3

MATERIAL IN ALL THICKNESSES.
 Code Requirements for PWHT
Material Normal Minimum holding time at normal temperature for nominal
Holding thickness
Temperatur Up to 2’’ Over 2’’ to 5’’ Over 5’’
e °C

P - No.1, P - No.3 595 1hr / in. 2 hr plus 15 min for 2 hr plus 15 min for
[e.g.SA516GR60/7 15 min each additional inch each additional inch
0] minimum over 2’’ over 2’’
P - No.4 650 1hr / in. 1 hr / inch 5 hr plus 15 min for
[e.g.SA387GR11] 15 min each additional inch
minimum over 5’’
P - No.5A 675 1hr / in. 1 hr / inch 5 hr plus 15 min for
P - No.5B 15 min each additional inch
minimum over 5’’
P - No.5C
[Group no.1 ]
[e.g.SA387GR22/
SA540Ty.D Cl.4a]
P - No.5B 705 1hr / in. 1 hr / inch 5 hr plus 15 min for
Group no.2 15 min each additional inch
REQUIREMENT OF PRODUCTION CONTROL
TESTING- PTC REQUIREMENT
PTC SIMULATES THE ACTUAL WELD JOINT WITH THE BASE MATERIAL & WELDING
CONSUMABLES FROM THE SAME HEAT & MELT AS THOSE USED IN ACTUL JOINT.

THE PTC UNDERGOES IDENTIAL FABRICATION SEQUENCE, DONE BY THE SAME

WELDERS, SAME WELDING PARAMETERS WITH SAME CONSTAINTS SIMULATED AS
THAT OF JOB.

TYPES OF PRODUCTION TEST COUPONS

1. THE SMULATED WELD COUPON – STC
2. THE FINAL TEST COUPON – FTC

STC – THIS IS BASICALLY THE TEST COUPON OF THE WELD JOINT, WHICH IS
SUBJECTED TO THE SIMULATED HEAT TREATMENT CYCLE, TAKING INTO
ACCOUNT OF ALL POSSIBLE EVANTUALITIES LIKE REPAIRE, ADDITIONAL HEAT
TREATMENT ETC.

FTC – THIS IS BASICALLY THE TEST COUPON OF THE WELDMENT, WHICH IS

SUBJECTED TO THE ACTUAL HAET TREATMENT SEEN IN THE JOB. THIS COUPON
IS MADE SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH THE JOB.
 HYDRO & PNUMATIC TESTING OF PRESSURE VESSEL
HYDROTESTING IS TO DONE AS PER ASME SEC VIII DIV-1-CL UG-99

HYDROTEST PRESSURE =
1.3 X (P design) x (allow stress at test temp/ allow stress at
design temp)

HYDROTEST STRESS SHOULD NOT EXCCED 90 % OF THE YIELD STRESS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PNUMTAIC TESTING IS TO BE DONE AS PER ASME SEC VIII DIV 1 –CL UG100

PNUMATIC TEST PRESSURE = 1.1 X DESIGN PRESSURE

THE METAL TEMPERATURE DURING PNUMATIC TESTING SHALL BE

MAINTAINED ATLEAT 17 DRG C ABOVE THE MDMT TO MINIMISE THE RISK
OF BRITTLE FRACTURE.
 HYDROTEST
WATER FILLING, PRESSURISING & INSPECTION
 HYDROTEST
WATER FILLING, PRESSURISING & INSPECTION
Sketch for Hydro test
A rrangem ent for O utlet P ressure G auge

Tow ards V enting pipe

V alves

P ressure G auge

S quare B ar
C oupling
A rra n g e m e n t fo r In le t P re s s u re G a u g e

P re s s u re G a u g e

V a lv e s

C o u p lin g
F ro m H y d ro te s t
Pum p

S q u a re B a r

T o w a rd s D ra in
 ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL CERTIFICATES
OF AUTHORIZATION & CODE SYMBOL STAMPS

SYMBOL/STAMP CODE BOOKS REQUIRED

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. “A” ( ASSEBLY BOILER) --- B 31.1 &SEC- 1 & SEC II –C
2. “U”(PRESSURE VESSEL) ---- ASME SEC VIII DIV -1
3. “U2”(PRESSURE VESSEL) ---- ASME SEC VIII DIV-2
4. “U3” (HIGH PV) ----- ASME SEC VIII DIV- 3
4. “S” (POWER BOILER) ------ B31.1 & SEC-1
5. “UV” (PV SAFETY VALVE)----ASME SEC VIIII DIV -1 /2
6. “V” (BOILER SAFETY VALVE) ----- SEC -1
7. “qp” (PRESSURE PIPING) ------ B31.1 & SEC -1
PRESSURE VESSEL CODE
ASME SECTION VIII
DIVISION 1
Introduction to ASME Codes
(Section I to Section XII)
 A Brief Discussion on ASME Section VIII Divisions 1 and 2 and
Division 3
  Section VIII Div.1 Section VIII Div.2 Section VIII Div.3

  “Unfired” Pressure Alternative Rules Alternative Rules

Vessel Rules for High Pressure

Published <1940 1968 1997

Pressure No limits either

Normally up to 3000 No limits, Normally
Limits way, usually 600+
psig from 10,000 psig
psig

Organisation
General, Construction General, Material, Similar to Division 2
Type & Material U, UG, Design, Fabrication KG, KM, KD, KF,
UW, UF, UB, UCS, UNF, and others AG, AM, KR, KE, KT, KS
UCI, UCD, UHT, ULT AD, AF, AR, AI, AT,
AS
Design Factor
Design Factor 3.5 on Design Factor 3 on Yield based with
tensile and other yield tensile (lower factor reduction factor for
and temperature under reviewed) and yield to tensile ratio
considerations other yield and less than 0.7
temperature
considerations
 A Brief Discussion on ASME Section VIII Divisions 1 and 2 and
Division 3
  Section VIII Div.1 Section VIII Div.2 Section VIII Div.3

  “Unfired” Pressure Alternative Rules Alternative Rules

Vessel Rules for High Pressure

Design Rules Membrane-Maximum Shell of Revolution – Maximum shear

stress Generally Max. Shear stress stress
Elastic analysis Very Generally Elastic Elastic/plastic
detailed design rules Analysis Analysis and more.
with Quality (joint Membrane + Bending. Some design rules
efficiency) Factors. Fairly detailed design provided; Fatigue
Little stress analysis rules. In addition to the analysis required,
required, pure design rules, Fracture mechanics
membrane without discontinuities, fatigue evaluation required
consideration of and other stress unless proven leak-
discontinuities analysis considerations before-burst,
controlling stress may be required unless Residual stresses
concentration to a exempted and guidance become significant
safety factor of 3.5 or provided for in and may be positive
higher Appendix 4, 5 and 6 factors
 

Experimental Normally not required Introduced and may be Experimental

stress Analysis required design verification
but may be
exempted
 A Brief Discussion on ASME Section VIII Divisions 1 and 2 and
Division 3
  Section VIII Div.1 Section VIII Div.2 Section VIII Div.3

  “Unfired” Pressure Alternative Rules Alternative Rules for

Vessel Rules High Pressure

Material and Few restriction on More restriction of Even more restrictive

Impact Testing materials; Impact materials; impact than Division 2 with
required unless required in general different
exempted, extensive with similar rules as requirements.
exemptions under UG- Division 1 Fracture toughness
20, UCS 66/67 testing requirement
for fracture
mechanics
evaluation crack tip
opening
displacement (CTOD)
testing and
establishment of Klc
and/or Jlc values
NDE NDE requirements may More stringent NDE Even more restrictive
Requirements be exempted through requirements, than Division 2, UT
increased design factor extensive use of RT, used for all butt
as well as UT, MT welds, RT otherwise,
and PT. extensive use of PT
and MT
A Brief Discussion on ASME Section VIII Divisions 1 and 2 and
Division 3
  Section VIII Div.1 Section VIII Div.2 Section VIII Div.3

  “Unfired” Pressure Alternative Rules Alternative Rules

Vessel Rules for High Pressure

Welding and Different types with butt Extensive Butt welds and
Fabrication welds and others use/requirement of extensive use of
butt welds and full other construction
penetration welds methods such as
including non threaded, layered,
pressure wire-wound,
attachment welds interlocking
stripwound and
others

User User or designated agent User’s Design User’s Design

to provide specifications Specification with specification with
(see U-2(a)) detailed design more specific
requirements (see details (see KG-310)
AG-301.1) include including contained
AD 160 for fatigue fluid data, etc. with
evaluation useful operation life
expected and
others. Designer
defined.
 A Brief Discussion on ASME Section VIII Divisions 1 and 2 and
Division 3
  Section VIII Div.1 Section VIII Div.2 Section VIII Div.3

  “Unfired” Pressure Alternative Rules Alternative Rules for

Vessel Rules High Pressure

Manufacturer Manufacturer to declare Manufacturer’s Same as Division 2

compliance in data Design Report
report certifying design
specification and
code compliance in
addition to data
report

Professional Normally not required Professional Same as Division 2

Engineer Engineers’ but the Professional
Certification Certification of Engineer shall be in
User’s Design high-pressure vessel
Specification as well design and shall not
as Manufacturer’s sign for both User
Design report and Manufacturer.
Professional
Engineer shall be
experienced in
pressure vessel
design
 A Brief Discussion on ASME Section VIII Divisions 1 and 2 and
Division 3
  Section VIII Div.1 Section VIII Div.2 Section VIII Div.3

  “Unfired” Pressure Alternative Rules Alternative Rules for

Vessel Rules High Pressure

Safety Relief Valve UV Stamp UV Stamp UV3 Stamp

Code Stamp U Stamp with Addition U2 Stamp with U3 Stamp with

and Marking marking including W, P, Additional marking additional marking
RES, L, UB, DF, RT, HT including HT denoting
construction type,
HT, PS, WL, M, F, W,
UQT, WW, SW

Hydrostatic 1.3 (was 1.5 before the 1.25 1.25

Test use of the 3.5 Design
factor in the 1999
Addenda)
 Mandatory Appendices
Appendix 1 Supplementary Design Formulas
Appendix 2 Rules for Bolted Flange Connections With Ring
Type Gaskets
Appendix 3 Definitions
Appendix 4 Rounded Indications Charts Acceptance Standard
for Radiographically Determined Rounded Indication
in Welds
Appendix 5 Flanged and Flued or Flanged Only Expansion Joints
Appendix 6 Methods for Magnetic Particle Examination(MT)
Appendix 7 Examination of Steel Castings
Appendix 8 Methods for Liquid Penetrate Examination (PT)
Appendix 9 Jacketed Vessels
Appendix 10 Quality Control System
Appendix 11 Capacity Conversion for Safety Valves
Appendix 12 Ultrasonic Examination of Welds (UT)
 Mandatory Appendices (continued)
Appendix 13 Vessels of Noncircular Cross Section
Appendix 14 Integral Flat Heads With a Large, Single, Circular,
Centrally Located Openings
Appendix 16 Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler
and Pressure Vessel Committee
Appendix 17 Dimpled or Embossed Assemblies
Appendix 18 Adhesive Attachments of Name Plates
Appendix 19 Electrically Heated or Gas Fired Jacketed Steam
Kettles
Appendix 20 Hubs Machined From Plates
Appendix 21 Jacketed Vessels Constructed of Work-Hardened
Nickel
Appendix 22 Integrally Forged Vessels
Appendix 23 External Pressure Design of Copper, Copper Alloy,
Titanium Alloy condenser and Heat Exchanger
Tubes With Integral Fins
 Mandatory Appendices (continued)
Appendix 24 Design Rules for Clamp Connections
Appendix 25 Acceptance of Testing Laboratories and Authorized
Observer for Capacity Certification of Pressure
Relief Valves
Appendix 26 Pressure Vessels and Heat Exchangers Expansion Joints
Appendix 27 Alternative Requirements for Glass-Lined Vessels
Appendix 28 Alternative Corner Weld Joint Detail for Box Headers
for Air Cooled Heat Exchangers
Appendix 30 Rules for Drilled Holes Not Penetrating to Vessel Wall
Appendix 31 Rules for Cr-Mo steels With Additional Requirements
for Welding and Heat Treatment
Appendix 32 Local Thin Areas in Cylindrical Shell and in Spherical
Segments of Shells
Appendix 33 Standard Units for Use in Equations
 Non mandatory Appendices

Appendix A Basis for Establishing Allowable Loads for Tube-to-

Tubesheet Joints
Appendix C Suggested Methods for Obtaining the Operating
Temperature of Vessel Walls in Service
Appendix D Suggested Good Practice Regarding Internal Structures
Appendix E Suggested Good Practice Regarding Corrosion
Allowance
Appendix F Suggested Good Practice Regarding Linings
Appendix G Suggested Good Practice Regarding Piping Reactions
and Design of Supports and Attachments
Appendix H Guidance to Accommodate Loading Produced by
Deflagration
Appendix K Sectioning of Welded Joints
Appendix L Examples Illustrating the Application of Code Formulas
and Rules
Appendix M Installation and Operation
 Non mandatory Appendices (Continued)
Appendix P Basic for Establishing Allowable Stress Values
Appendix R Preheating
Appendix S Design Considerations for Bolted Flange Connections
Appendix T Temperature Protection
Appendix W Guide for Preparing Manufacturer’s Data Reports
Appendix Y Flat Faced Flanges With Metal-to-Metal Contact
Outside the Bolt Circle
Appendix DD Guide to Information Appearing on Certificate of
Authorization (See Fig. DD-1)
Appendix EE Half-Pipe Jackets
Appendix FF Guide For the Design and Operation of Quick-
Actuating (Quick-Opening) Closures
Appendix GG Guidance for the Use of U.S.Customary and SI Units
in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Code
 Few restrictions on materials; Impact More restrictions on materials; impact toughness testing requirement for
Material and Impact
required unless exempted; extensive required in general with similar rules as fracture mechanics evaluation
Testing
exemptions under UG-20, UCS 66/67 Division 1 Crack tip opening displacement
(CTOD) testing and establishment of
KIc and/or JIc values
More stringent NDE requirements; Even more restrictive than Division 2;
NDE requirements may be exempted
NDE Requirements extensive use of RT as well as UT, MT UT used for all butt welds, RT
through increased design factor
and PT. otherwise, extensive use of PT and MT

Butt Welds and extensive use of other

Extensive use/requirement of butt welds
Welding and Different types with butt welds and construction methods such as
and full penetration welds including non-
fabrication others threaded, layered, wire-wound,
pressure attachment welds
interlocking strip-wound and others
User’s Design Specification with more
User's Design Specification with detailed specific details (see KG-310) including
User or designated agent to provide
User design requirements (see AG-301.1) contained fluid data, etc with useful
specifications (see U-2(a))
include AD 160 for fatigue evaluation operation life expected and others.
Designer defined
Manufacturer's Design Report certifying
Manufacturer to declare compliance in
Manufacturer design specification and code Same as Division 2
data report
compliance in addition to data report
Professional Engineers' Certification of Same as Division 2 but the
Professional User's Design Specification as well as Professional Engineer shall be
Engineer Normally not required Manufacturer's Design Report experienced in high pressure vessel
Certification Professional Engineer shall be design and shall not sign for both User
experienced in pressure vessel design and Manufacturer
Safety Relief Valve UV Stamp UV Stamp UV3 Stamp
U Stamp with Addition markings U3 Stamp with additional marking
Code Stamp and U2 Stamp with Additional marking
including W, P, B, RES; L, UB, DF; denoting construction type; HT, PS,
Marking including HT
RT, HT WL, M, F, W, UQT, WW, SW
1.5 (To be lowered to 1.3 for the 1.25 (may be exempted for
Hydrostatic Test 1.25
proposed 3.5* Design Factor) autofrettaged vessels)
* Code Cases 2278 and 2290 for ASME Section VIII Division 1 allow for alternative maximum allowable design stresses based on a factor of 3.5 under
certain provisions. It is believed that these code cases with the provisions, may be incorporated into the Code sometime in the future.

Common Features
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