ART OF

EMERGING
EUROPE
 Art has been an integral part in
European history. From the time of the
ancient civilizations like the Greeks and
the Romans all the way to the modern
times, art has been used to communicate
ideologies and beliefs systems prevalent
with their context.
 Greek and Roman civilizations were
also known as the Classical World
because both cultures aimed to embody
the highest possible standard of quality
in all aspects of their societies.
 When it comes to both art and
architecture, both civilizations
intended to promote the possibility
of having an objective and widely
accepted standards for beauty. The
influenced and impact of both
classical worlds are far-reaching.
Most arts movements have taken
inspiration from the certain
artistic elements from the two
civilizations. There are different
arts movements that emerged
within the different time periods
in Europe.
Each movement has a distinctive
characteristic to them
highlighting the different trends
and changes as they transition
from one period to the next.
ANCIENT GREECE

The Greeks were known to

excel in various fields and
aspects of society. For example,
their political ideals eventually
became the framework for the
democratic form of government
in modern times.
 ANCIENT GREECE
They also valued poetry, drama, and
philosophy, which remain interesting
fields of study for the contemporary
times. For those who want to be
involved in the arts– painting,
sculpture, and architecture– one is
required to have a certain skill sets
and body of knowledge.
The Greeks were known to placed
prime importance in the use of
reason. For this civilization, man
was at the center of society and
how they trained their minds could
be the very foundation of how
they lived their lives.
The humanist ideals of the Greeks
were reflected in their democratic
form of government. This certain
level of freedom was also reflected
in their artworks, architecture,
literature and philosophy.
The Greeks were notably
passionate about natural
phenomenon and believed that
nature should be in perfect order.
These principles, belief systems,
and ideologies are at the core of
Greek art architecture.
The development of Greek
art can be divided into four:
Geometric
Archaic
Classical
Hellenistic
Geometric period
Was a time when Greece was starting
to get back from the onslaught of
what seemed to be their Dark Ages.
It was a period when geometric
shapes and patterns have taken the
spotlight in most of the artworks.
ARCHAIC PERIOD
On the other hand, placed
importance on human figures. This
was primarily a result of Greece’s
trading activities with other
civilizations.
CLASSICAL PERIOD
The peak of Greek sculpture and
architecture was during the classical
period. It was during this time when
the Greeks found themselves
rebuilding their temples and focusing
on creating artworks.
HELLENISTIC PERIOD

The time of Alexander the

Great was called the Hellenistic
Period. During this time, art
was primarily focused on
showcasing emotions and
depicting reality.
HELLENISTIC PERIOD

Hellenistic sculptures started to

emphasize balance while
showcasing dynamic poses and a
number of emotions evoked by the
subjects. One of the famous
Hellenistic sculptures is the
“Lacoon and His Sons”.
LACOON AND HIS SONS
Ancient Rome
The Roman Republic was established
around 500 BCE. This civilization
eventually transformed into one of
Western Europe's. Since they had
expanded and covered many
territories, they interacted with
neighboring civilizations particularly
with the Greeks.
POSEIDON AND MEDUSA
MIDDLE AGES
 Itis the period between the decline of
the Roman Empire and the
Renaissance. It was a period that is
characterized by ignorance and
darkness. Another dominant
characteristic of the period was that the
Church was the central figure and
authority of the period.
MIDDLE AGES
 Since the Church was the most important
figure, the most important products of the
early Middle Ages would have to be copied of
the Christian scriptures. The printing press
came later after the Middle Ages, so copies of
the scriptures were done by hand. These
copies were also done with illustrations and
decorations which highlight the religious
focus of the period.
 During this time, great cathedrals were
also built. These cathedrals can be
categorized into two period:
 Romanesque (1050-1200)
-inspired by the old Roman Empire
 Gothic (1200-1500)
-which had a more northern flavor
from the Goths—vulgar and barbarian.
 RENAISSANCE ART
During the Renaissance Period,
artists valued the “individual” as
a subject of arts. The influenced
of humanism shifted the focus
of some artworks during the
Renaissance Period to empower
the “individual.”
RENAISSANCE ART
Most artworks emphasized
naturalism, which was also
an influence of humanism
since there was a great
emphasis on the
proportionality of the human
body.
MICHELANGELO “DAVID”
During the Renaissance Period,
there was also a revival of Roman
theatrical plays. These plays were
performed during special occasions
at the courts of Italian princes. The
plays were done in such a way that
showcased grand and lavish
entertainment for the audience.
Aside from the song and
dance numbers, they invested
in elaborate stages and
costumes for the actors.
Eventually, this would lead to
Italy’s opera, which have
greatly influenced their
tradition of popular theater.
MANNERISM
Mannerism was a period in art
history, which was a product of
the Renaissance Period. During
the Renaissance, artists would
observe nature and try their best
to emulate it based on their
observations.
BAROQUE AND ROCOCO

 The term “baroque” is derived from the

Portuguese term barocco which is
translated as “irregularly shaped pearl”.
This is a suitable description that Rome
was a birthplace of the Baroque Period,
which according to some historians was a
response to Protestantism. This period
roughly spanned from 1600 to 1750.
THE ASSUMPTION OF THE
VIRGIN
NEOCLASSICISM
A movement in Europe that
transpired during the late eighteenth
and early nineteenth centuries. It was
the dominant art movement that time
which basically aimed to revive and
rekindle the influences of Greek and
Roman into art and architecture.
NEOCLASSICISM
The ancient Greeks and
Europeans had placed emphasis
on human reason and keeping
society in order. These very
principles were also the
dominant principles during the
Enlightenment Period.
 ANTONIO CANOVA “PAOLINA
BORGHESE AS VENUS VICTRIX”
ROMANTICISM
As an art movement,
used the central themes
of Neoclassicist artworks
as a springboard.
ROMANTICISM
Romanticists have
highlighted heroic elements
into their work. During the
Age of Revolutions, there has
been a tremendous focus on
patriotic and nationalistic
movements.
ROMANTICISM
One of the major revolutions
in history would be the
French Revolution. Such
revolutionary movements
became the focal point of
most Romantic works.
THEODORE GERICAULT “THE
RAFT OF MEDUSA”
 REALISM
As a style of work focuses
on the accuracy of details
that depicts and somehow
mirrors reality.
 REALISM
As a modern movement in art
veered away from traditional
forms of art. In a way, it
revolutionized themes and
techniques in paintings.
 REALISM
In addition, this movement
also expanded and widened
existing notions of what can
be considered as art.
GUSTAVE COURBET “BURIAL
at ORNANS”
IMPRESSIONISM
The Impressionism
movement started in France,
which led to a break from
the tradition in European
painting.
IMPRESSIONISM
Impressionism is a style
of painting that emerged
in the mid- to late 1800s.
IMPRESSIONISM
Impressionist artists
incorporated scientific
principles to achieve a more
distinct representation of
color.
BERTHE MORISOT “THE HARBOR
AT LORIENT” (1869)
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
It is an art movement that emerged
in France, which is a result of both
the influence and rejection of
Impressionism. Most artists that
belong to this movement started
off as impressionists but later on
saw the inherent limitations and
flaws of impressionism.
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
Some of the famous post-
impressionism artists
include Paul Cezanne,
Georges Seurat, Paul
Gauguin, and Vincent van
Gogh, among others.
 NEO-IMPRESSIONISM
Considered as a response to
empirical realism of impressionism.
Most painters who subscribe to
such movement rely on a systematic
and scientific techniques that have a
predetermined visual effects not
only on the art work itself but also
how the audience perceive the art.
 NEO-IMPRESSIONISM

The leading figure in neo-

impressionism was Georges Seurat
who recorded optical sensations on
a more scientific manner. His color
theories paved the way for the
technique called pointillism.
 NEO-IMPRESSIONISM
Aside from Seurat, other neo-
impressionist artists include
Henri-Edmond Cross,
Maximilien Luce, and Camille
Pissarro, among others.
Art Nouveau
Between 1890 and 1910, countries
from Europe and United States
witnessed the emergence and
flourishing a new art style. This
ornamental style of art was a break
from the conservative historicism,
which was the prevailing dominant
team of most western artwork.
Art Nouveau
This ornamental style uses long
and organic lines that are
concretely manifested in
manufacture, jewelry, and glass
design, among others.
 Fauvism
This is a style of painting that
emerged in France around the turn
of the 20th century. What makes
Fauvists revolutionary is that they
use pure and vibrant colors by
applying straight from the paint
tubes directly to the canvas.
 Cubism
Between 1907 and 1914, French
artists Pablo Picasso and George
Braque introduce a new visual arts
style called cubism. This style
would later on have a huge
influence on artists during the 20th
century.
 Futurism
It is an early 20th century art
movements that started in Italy,
which highlighted the speed,
energy, dynamism, and power of
machine. In addition, common
themes for works in this
movements are restlessness and the
fast-pace of modern life.