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Auto Pilot

The autopilot system uses servos and actuators to control aircraft movement based on commands from the flight director. The flight director accepts data inputs and computes control tasks. Pilots can engage different autopilot modes using buttons on the primary flight display. Modern glass cockpits use electronic displays like LCDs instead of older electromechanical indicators.

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John Ericsson Robarios
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68 views16 pages

Auto Pilot

The autopilot system uses servos and actuators to control aircraft movement based on commands from the flight director. The flight director accepts data inputs and computes control tasks. Pilots can engage different autopilot modes using buttons on the primary flight display. Modern glass cockpits use electronic displays like LCDs instead of older electromechanical indicators.

Uploaded by

John Ericsson Robarios
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Autopilot system- which is the set of servo actuators that actually do

the control movement and the control circuits to make the servo actuators move
the correct amount for the selected task.

*Servos are controlled by sending them a pulse of variable width. The control wire
is used to send this pulse. ... For example, a 1.5 ms pulse will make the motor turn
to the 90 degree position (neutral position). When these servos are commanded to
move they will move to the position and hold that position.

*Actuator is a type of transducer, a device that is capable of converting one form


of energy into another. The energy may come from an electric current, hydraulic or
pneumatic pressure. ... A linear actuator, on the other hand, converts energy of
rotary motion into linear motion
Flight director (FD)- The FD is the brain of the autopilot system.
- FD is designed with the computational power to accomplish
these tasks and usually displays the indications to the pilot for guidance as
well.

Flight directors accept data input from:


-air data computer (ADC)
-Attitude Heading Reference System (AHRS)
-navigation sources
-The pilot’s control panel
-autopilot servo feedback
Engagement of Autopilot Function
Every autopilot offers a collection of buttons that allow you to choose and engage
autopilot modes and functions. Buttons used to engage autopilot modes appear
along the bottom of the autopilot shown in Figure 4-1.
Older generation of airplanes have utilized electromechanical system indicators
and together with a multiplicity of visual and aural cautions warnings. Such
indicators did not offer the versatility and the redundancy available with modern
digital technology.

The “glass- cockpit” display such as LCD and CRT displays

The panel may be mounted in the vertical position or sloed forwards at bout 15
degrees from the vertical to minimize parallax errors.
Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS)

An Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) is a flight deck instrument


display system in which the display technology used is electronic rather
than electromechanical
Also to reduce pilot workload and intrument clutter
Advantages of EFIS
1. Elimination of redundant data
2. Reduction of pilot fatigue
3. Reliability
4. Reduction of bulk and weight
The 4 types of alert messages and their respective display colors

LEVEL MESSAGE TYPE DISPLAY COLOR


Level A Warning messages Red
Level B Caution Messages Amber
Level C Advisories Light bliue
Level D Memos White
Primary flight displays (PFDs) often integrate all controls that allow modes to be
entered for the autopilot. The PFD shown in Figure 4-2 offers knobs that allow you
to enter modes without turning attention away from the primary flight
instruments. Modes entered using the controls on a PFD are transferred to the
autopilot.
Navigational Display (ND)- Navigation display screen displays the lateral
navigation status of the aircraft.
It is designed to show navigation type info:
-route
-waypoints
-traffic
-airports
-navaids (navigational aids)
5 modes of ND:
1.) ARC
2.) NAV
3.) VOR
4.) ILS
5.) PLAN
NAV MODE ILS MODE VOR MODE
ARC MODE ACTIVE WAYPOINT - The Active (the TO) waypoint is
represented as a white color waypoint.

FLIGHT PLAN WAYPOINTS - The flight plan waypoints


are represented as a green color waypoint.

WPT BUTTON - When the WPT button is active all


other waypoints are presented as a magenta color
waypoint.

RANGE MARKS - Range Marks are represented as four


equal distance range marks from the the aircraft. The
compass card represents the maximum range. In this
example, the maximum range is 40 NM with three
additional range marks every 10 NM. The range or
distance (blue color number) is indicated on the outer
edge of two range marks.
PLAN MODE - The PLAN Mode displays the
PLAN MODE flight plan legs oriented to true north within
the selected range scale. The overall flight
plan may be slewed via the MCDU buttons.
Navaid data, bearing pointer, weather
radar, GPWS, EGPWS, PWS icons, and TCAS
are not available in the PLAN mode.

AIRPLANE ORIENTATION - The airplane


symbol represents the airplane's
orientation if within the selected range, and
true track as provided by the FMGS.

MAP REFERENCE POINT - The Map


Reference Point provides a point chosen by
the pilot on the onside MCDU. The
reference point is centered on the display
Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitor (ECAM)
-is defined as is a system on Airbus aircraft for monitoring and displaying engine and aircraft system information to the pilots. In the event of a malfunction, it will display the fault and may also display the appropriate steps of the remedial action.

ELECTRONIC INDICATING AND CREW ALERTING SYSTEM (EICAS) -same function as ECAM the difference between them is EICAS are fore boeing and ECAM is for Airbus

*both provides aural cues to alert pilots of abnormal situations


UPPER ECAM- Also known as Engine Warning Display (EWD)
- Display the engine and fuel parameters, the checklist and warning
messages, and certain information relevant to system operation.
The upper ECAM displays:
-Engine parameter
-Fuel quantity
- Slats and Flaps position

LOWER ECAM- Also known as System Display (SD)


- is usesd for warning, caution and memo messages

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