Week 3
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EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE
Week 3
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Perpetuation of Life
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Review
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• What are the unifying themes of life?
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• Activity 1:
What is REPRODUCTION?
Why is REPRODUCTION important?
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Reproduction is the process by whic
h plants and animals give rise to offsp
ring and which fundamentally consists o
f the segregation of a portion of the p
arental body by a sexual or an asexual
process and its subsequent growth and d
ifferentiation into a new individual
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Importance: The main significance
of reproduction is to maintain conti
nuity of species. It also helps in stu
dying evolution as sexual reproduc
tion results in variation among the
species.
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Types of Reproduc
tion
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Asexual Reproduction
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Asexual reproduction is defined as the formation of new
individuals from the cells of a single parent. This is very
common in plants less common in animals. Asexual
reproduction does not involve the union of gametes
(sperm cell and egg cell) and it does not change the
number of chromosomes present. The resulting offspring
is similar or identical to the parent and without the need
for a mate, they are able to reproduce. There are different
types of asexual reproduction in animals.
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Types of Asexual Reproduction
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Spore Formation - the organism breaks up into a number of pieces, or spores,
each of which eventually develops into an organism like the parent form.
Budding - Process outgrowth or callus projecting from the parent and
eventually buds off
Fission - the division of a single entity into two or more parts and the
regeneration of those parts to separate entities resembling the original.
Regeneration - the process of renewal, restoration, and tissue growth that
makes genomes, cells, organisms, and ecosystems
Fragmentation - Pieces of the parent breaks off and develops into a new
animal
Vegetative Propagation - form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in
which a new plant grows from a fragment of the parent plant or a
specialized reproductive structure.
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EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE
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Advantages of Asexual Reproduc
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tion
1. Requires minimum energy requirements
2. Occurs at a faster pace compared to sexual
reproduction
3. Can take place in various environments
4. A mate is not required for reproduction
5. Entities mature rapidly and offered with a defensive
mechanism
6. With this type of reproduction, crop losses can be
stabilized
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Advantages of Sexual Reproduct
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ion
1. There is great diversity within a species
2. There is an intrinsic level of resistance to
diseases throughout the species
3. Evolutionary advancements can be observed
due to variations genetically
4. Eliminates bad genes from a population
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eggs
parent
young
inside
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1. Animals can reproduce through asexual and sexual m
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eans.
2. Asexual reproduction in animals have different types
3. Sexual reproduction in animals/ organism is when tw
o organism reproduce using their gametes the sper
m and egg cell both have a haploid number of chro
mosomes.
4. Oviparous animals that lay their eggs, with little or no
other embryonic development within the parent.
5. Viviparous animals bringing forth live young that hav
e developed inside the body of the parent.
6. Asexual reproduction requires only one parent while
sexual reproduction requires two parents.
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Post Assessment
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1. The organism split into two separate organism like
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in bacteria?
A. binary fission
B. budding
C. fragmentation
D. parthenogenesis
A. binary fission
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2. A new individual grows on the body of its pa
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rent like hydra and yeast.
A. binary fission
B. budding
C. fragmentation
D. parthenogenesis
B. budding
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3. Sperm cell and egg cell are used in
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sexual reproduction among anim
A. body cells als. What
is the collective term for them?
B. gametes
C. both a and b
D. none of a and b
B. gametes
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4. Which is TRUE about asexual reproduction in
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animals?
A. Involves more amount of time in the process.
B. Produce identical offspring like the parents.
C. Utilize gametes of the body.
D. Variety of genetic make-up is produced.
B. Produce identical offspring like the
parents.
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5. Giraffe and lion are examples of
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A. oviparous
B. viviparous
C. both and b
D. none of a and b
B. viviparous
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END OF 3rd WEEK
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