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String: String Is A Group of Characters. They Are Objects of Type String in Java - Lang Package

String is a group of characters that are objects of type String in the java.lang package. The key differences between String and StringBuffer are that String is immutable while StringBuffer is mutable. Common String methods include length(), concat(), charAt(), equals(), compareTo(), indexOf(), and substring(). StringBuffer allows mutating string operations like append(), insert(), delete(), replace(), and reverse().

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130 views31 pages

String: String Is A Group of Characters. They Are Objects of Type String in Java - Lang Package

String is a group of characters that are objects of type String in the java.lang package. The key differences between String and StringBuffer are that String is immutable while StringBuffer is mutable. Common String methods include length(), concat(), charAt(), equals(), compareTo(), indexOf(), and substring(). StringBuffer allows mutating string operations like append(), insert(), delete(), replace(), and reverse().

Uploaded by

Narayanasetti Saranya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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String

String is a group of characters. They are objects of type String in


java.lang package.
String vs StringBuffer

String StringBuffer
Immutable Mutable
Declaring a String object
String s=new String()
Or
String s=“abc”;
String Methods – length()
• Returns length of the string
• String name = “Varun”; //StringBuffer name=“Varun”;
System.out.println(name.length());

Question: What is the output of the following:


1. String s=“”; System.out.println(s.length());
System.out.println(s.isEmpty());
2. String s=“ “; System.out.println(s.length());
System.out.println(s.isEmpty());
String Methods – concat()
String s1=“Hello”;
String s2=“World”
System.out.println(s1+s2); //or
System.out.println(s1.concat(s2));

Questions – Predict the output


1. System.out.println(“Hai”+2+3);
2. System.out.println(2+3);
3. System.out.println(“Hai”+(2+3));
charAt()
• Method returns the character at the specified index. An index ranges from 0 to length() – 1

String name=“Varun”
System.out.println(name.charAt(0));

//will print character by character


for(int i=0;i<name.length();i++)
System.out.println(name.charAt(i));
equals() and equalsIgnoreCase()
• equals() Method- case sensitive comparison
• equalsIgnoreCase() Method – case insensitive
Remember comparison
public class CompareToExample{  
public static void main(String args[]){  
String s1="hello";  
String s2="hello";  
String s3="meklo";  
String s4="hemlo";  
String s5="flag";  
System.out.println(s1.compareTo(s2));//0 because both are equal  
System.out.println(s1.compareTo(s3));//-5 because "h" is 5 times lower than "m"  
System.out.println(s1.compareTo(s4));//-1 because "l" is 1 times lower than "m"  
System.out.println(s1.compareTo(s5));//2 because "h" is 2 times greater than "f"  
}}  
• equals() and equalsIgnoreCase() return Boolean
• compareTo() and compareToIgnoreCase() return int
Quick Recap
indexOf() – Overloaded methods

• int indexOf(int ch)- It searches for the character represented by ch within this
string and returns the index of first occurrence of this character
• int indexOf(String str) - It searches for the substring specified by str within this
string and returns the index of first occurrence of this substring
• int indexOf(int ch, int fromIndex)- It searches for the character
represented by ch within this string and returns the index of first occurrence of this
character starting from the position specified by fromIndex
• int indexOf(String str, int fromIndex) – Returns the index within
this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring, starting at the specified
index.
•public static void main(String args[])
•{  
•String s1="this is index of example";  
•int index1=s1.indexOf(‘s’); //3
•int index2=s1.indexOf(“is");//2 
•System.out.println(index1+"  "+index2);  

•int index3=s1.indexOf("is",4);
•System.out.println(index3);  
•int index4=s1.indexOf('s');  
•System.out.println(index4);  
•}
•}  
lastIndexOf()
public class LastIndexOfExample{  
public static void main(String args[]){  
String s1="this is index of example";
int index1=s1.lastIndexOf('s');
Predict the System.out.println(index1);//6  

output int index = s1.lastIndexOf('s',5); 
System.out.println(index);//5
}
} 
Remember
• indexOf() and lastIndexOf() return -1 when the specified
char or substring is not found.
• startsWith() – Tests if this string starts with the specified prefix
• endsWith() - Tests if this string ends with the specified suffix.

String s1="java string demonstration";  
System.out.println(s1.startsWith("ja"));  //true
System.out.println(s1.startsWith("java string"));  //true
System.out.println(s1.endsWith(“tion”)); //true
System.out.println(s1.endsWith(“fusion”)); //false
Case Conversion methods
• toLowerCase(): Method converts all of the characters in a String to lower case
• toUpperCase(): Method converts all of the characters in a String to upper case

String s=“Hello World”;


System.out.println(s.toUpperCase()); # HELLO WORLD
System.out.println(s.toLowerCase()); #hello world
substring()
1.public String substring(int startIndex): This
method returns new String object containing the
substring of the given string from specified startIndex
(inclusive).
2.public String substring(int startIndex, int
endIndex): This method returns new String object
containing the substring of the given string from
specified startIndex to endIndex(exclusive)
Predict the output
public class TestSubstring{  
public static void main(String args[]){  
String s="SachinTendulkar";  

System.out.println(s.substring(6));//Tendulkar  

System.out.println(s.substring(0,6));//Sachin  
}  
} 
trim()
• trim() - Returns a copy of the string, with leading and trailing whitespace omitted.

public String trim()


String s = “ Hi Mom! “.trim();
S = “Hi Mom!”
Declaring StringBuffer object
• StringBuffer s=new StringBuffer();

• StringBuffer s=new StringBuffer(“abc”);

Methods
• insert()
• append()
• delete()
• replace()
• reverse()
• length() - same as String
StringBuffer – append() method
class StringBufferExample{  
public static void main(String args[]){  
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer("Hello ");  
sb.append("Java");//now original string is changed  
System.out.println(sb);//prints Hello Java  
}  
}  
StringBuffer – insert() method
• The insert() method inserts the given string with this string at
the given position.

class StringBufferExample2{  
public static void main(String args[]){  
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer("Hello ");  
sb.insert(1,"Java");//now original string is changed  
System.out.println(sb);//prints HJavaello  
}  
} 
StringBuffer – delete() method
• The delete() method of StringBuffer class deletes the string from
the specified beginIndex to endIndex.

class StringBufferExample4{  
public static void main(String args[]){  
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer("Hello");  
sb.delete(1,3);  
System.out.println(sb);//prints Hlo  
}  
} 
StringBuffer – replace()
• The replace() method replaces the given string from the
specified beginIndex and endIndex.

class StringBufferExample3{  
public static void main(String args[]){  
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer("Hello");  
sb.replace(1,3,"Java");  
System.out.println(sb);//prints HJavalo  
}  
} 
StringBuffer – reverse()
• The reverse() method of StringBuilder class reverses the current
string.

class StringBufferExample5{  
public static void main(String args[]){  
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer("Hello");  
sb.reverse();  
System.out.println(sb);//prints olleH  
}  
} 

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