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Embedded Systems

The document discusses embedded systems, which combine hardware and software to perform dedicated tasks within larger devices. Key points include: - Embedded systems are designed to perform simple, repeatable tasks with little user input. - One of the earliest examples was the Apollo guidance computer from 1968. - Embedded systems typically include a microcontroller, sensors, memory, and means of interacting with their environment. - They are used for applications requiring high reliability like industrial machinery and medical devices.

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Sunit Mishra
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123 views12 pages

Embedded Systems

The document discusses embedded systems, which combine hardware and software to perform dedicated tasks within larger devices. Key points include: - Embedded systems are designed to perform simple, repeatable tasks with little user input. - One of the earliest examples was the Apollo guidance computer from 1968. - Embedded systems typically include a microcontroller, sensors, memory, and means of interacting with their environment. - They are used for applications requiring high reliability like industrial machinery and medical devices.

Uploaded by

Sunit Mishra
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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By

Sivasish Mohapatra
EMBEDDED SYSTEM

An embedded system is a combination of hardware and software which creates


a dedicated computer system that performs specific, pre-defined tasks and
which is encapsulated within the device it controls (if it is part of a larger
device)

Embedded systems are designed to perform simple, repeatable tasks - often


with little or no input from the user

Embedded systems are based on the concept of the microcontroller, a single


integrated circuit that contains all the technology required to run an
application
HISTORY

One of the first embedded computer systems was the Apollo guidance
computer, which orbited the Earth on Apollo 7 in 1968.

In 1971, Intel introduced the Intel 4004, the world's first commercially
available microprocessor, according to Embedded.com

The first recognizably modern embedded systems was the Apollo Guidance
Computer, developed by Charles Stark Draper at the MIT Instrumentation
Laboratory
ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS

•Microcontroller
•Sensors
•Converters (A-D and D-A)
•Actuators
•Memory
•Communication path with the interacting environment
GENERIC STRUCTURE

Processor D-A Actuator


A-D
Sensor

Memory
PERIPHERALS

•Serial Communication Interfaces (SCI): RS-232, RS-422, RS-485 etc.


•Synchronous Serial Communication Interface: I2C, SPI, SSC and ESSI
(Enhanced Synchronous Serial Interface)
•Universal Serial Bus (USB)
•Multi Media Cards (SD Cards, Compact Flash etc.)
•Networks: Ethernet, Controller Area Network,  etc.
•Timers: PLL(s), Capture/Compare and Time Processing Units
•Discrete IO:  General Purpose Input / Output (GPIO)
•Analog to Digital/Digital to Analog (ADC/DAC)
•Several ports
CHARACTERISTICS

Embedded systems are designed to do some specific task, rather than


be a general-purpose computer for multiple tasks.

Embedded systems are not always standalone devices.

The program instructions written for embedded systems are referred to


as firmware, and are stored in read-only memory or Flash
memory chips.
USER INTERFACE

Embedded systems range from no user interface at all — dedicated


only to one task — to complex graphical user interfaces

A more sophisticated devices use graphical screen with touch sensing


or screen-edge buttons 

Some systems provide user interface remotely with the help of a serial
or network connections
APPLICATIONS
ADVANTAGES

Performs a task with high performance and reliability

Low power consumption, less cost and high reliability

Software is used for more features and flexibility and Hardware is


used for high performance and reliability
DOWNFALLS

Embedded systems are not designed for user interaction

There should be no margin of error

When manufacturing cost is less, testing cost is very high

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