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Comparative Anatomy

Homologous structures have a common evolutionary origin but may have different functions, such as the bones in the forelimbs of humans, whales, and bats. Analogous structures have similar functions but evolved independently in different species, like the wings of birds, bats, and insects that all enable flight. Comparative anatomy provides evidence of evolution by revealing homologous structures that indicate common ancestry despite different functions in various species adapted to their environments.

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444 views5 pages

Comparative Anatomy

Homologous structures have a common evolutionary origin but may have different functions, such as the bones in the forelimbs of humans, whales, and bats. Analogous structures have similar functions but evolved independently in different species, like the wings of birds, bats, and insects that all enable flight. Comparative anatomy provides evidence of evolution by revealing homologous structures that indicate common ancestry despite different functions in various species adapted to their environments.

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 Comparative Anatomy

 Structures
from different species which have similar internal
framework, position, and embryonic development are considered to
be homologous.
 Homologous structures may perform different functions in the
species living in the different environment, or it may have the same
origin but different functions.
 Structures of unrelated species may evolve to look
alike, because the
structure is adapted to similar function. These are
called analogous structures.
 Analogous structures have similar functions but
different origin. Examples are wings of birds, bats,
and insects that have the same function but
different in origin.
Activity 2
AHA! Analogous! Homologous!
Objectives:
• Distinguish homologous structure
from analogous structure.
• Explain the relevance of
comparative anatomy as an evidence
of evolution.
Directions:
Write in the
space provided
H if the
structures
below are
homologous
and A if they
are analogous.
Q1. Can you say that human, whale
and bat might belong to a common
ancestral group? Explain why.
Q2. Give other examples of
homologous structures
Q3. Give other examples of analogous
structures

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