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Language Policy Choices in Multilingual Societies: Reporter: Ms. Mariel Galindo

This document discusses language policy choices in multilingual societies. It addresses several topics: 1) Language is closely tied to national and cultural identity, but globalization and migration have made language policy more complex in many countries. 2) Multilingualism is a global reality due to factors like migration, education, business, and cultural contact. When languages interact, they can influence each other through practices like code switching, code mixing, and language shift. 3) Governments engage in language planning to standardize languages and determine their social functions. This often aims to balance linguistic diversity with national unity. Different planning approaches include linguistic assimilation, internationalization, vernacularization, and linguistic pluralism.

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156 views12 pages

Language Policy Choices in Multilingual Societies: Reporter: Ms. Mariel Galindo

This document discusses language policy choices in multilingual societies. It addresses several topics: 1) Language is closely tied to national and cultural identity, but globalization and migration have made language policy more complex in many countries. 2) Multilingualism is a global reality due to factors like migration, education, business, and cultural contact. When languages interact, they can influence each other through practices like code switching, code mixing, and language shift. 3) Governments engage in language planning to standardize languages and determine their social functions. This often aims to balance linguistic diversity with national unity. Different planning approaches include linguistic assimilation, internationalization, vernacularization, and linguistic pluralism.

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Winter Bacalso
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LANGUAGE POLICY

CHOICES IN
MULTILINGUAL
SOCIETIES
Reporter: Ms. Mariel Galindo
 Language views as a national identity. Each country in this
world has determined which language for their people to
use.
 The flow of migration in the past, the colonialism and
currently the globalization make the task more
complicated
 The developments of media and the people’s mobility as
well as the role of globalization have very important roles
in opening the possibility of using multilingual in a specific
area or country.
 The policies are needed to answer as well as to put the use
of language on the track of purposes of the nation.
A. Language and Society
• The importance of a language in a society can not be
underestimated. Apart from being an instrument of
communication, it is also an identity of such society. One
obvious factor that distinguishes human beings, from animal
is language. Language and society exist side by side, without
language there will be no society as language serves as a
binding force, binding the people together as one.
B. Multilingualism and Language contact

• John Edwards, in his book titled: “Multilingualism”


(1994) asserts that: “Multilingualism is a perfect
fact of life around the world, a circumstance Arising
at the simplest level, from the need to
communicate across Speech communities.”
Several Reasons Why Language Come in contact;

War - During this time people move from the battle place to a
saver place.
Education - In search for knowledge people move from one place
to another.
 Business - To transact and for the sales of goods and services a
trader might decide to move from one place to another.
Cultural Contact Mussem (1963) defines culture as a reservoir
knowledge that is characterized by ways of feelings, attitudes,
aspiration and ideas.
EFFECTS OF LANGUAGE CONTACT
SITUATION
CODE SWITCHING: CODE
CODE MIXING:
MIXING:
Traugott and Pratt (1980) are of Code
Code mixing
mixing occurs
occurs DIGLOSSIA:
opinion that, code switching in when
when lexical
lexical or
or diglossia was described
literary texts provides an phrasal
phrasal elements
elements ofof as a kind of bi-
interesting field for analysis, two
two or
or more
more lingualism in a society,
both in terms of social reality languages
languages are
are in which one of the
and manipulation of literary blended
blended within
within aa Languages is (H) has
device. Code switching can then given
given sentence.
sentence. high prestige, and
be said to be alternation another of the language
between two languages. is (i) has low prestige.

PIDGIN: LANGUAGE SHIFT: is social


Hall 1972:142, states that Pidgin, is a phenomenon, whereby one language
language variety type whose replaces another in a society due to
structure and lexicon have been underlying changes in the composition
drastically reduced, and which is and aspirations of the society.
native to none of those who use it.
OVERT AND CONVERT
Code Crossing: PRESTIGE
Using a language
Overt Prestige: a status
without belonging to
associated with
a group that speaks
speaking the standard
that particular
language.
language.
Covert Prestige: a status
associated with
speaking the language
variation that everyone
around you speaking.
C. Language Planning in Multilingual Society

• Language planning, is usually concerned with


application in highly controversial things
involving small language at risk.
LANGUAGE PLANNING AND ITS CASES IN SOME
COUNTRIES
• A nation exists on the basis of mutual identity. The features of a nation
includes language, culture and history. National language is a symbol of
national identity.
• Standardization: This involves selection of dialect or dialects of a language,
then the establishment of norms of usage at all linguistic levels.
• Modernization: Modernization of language can be done in two ways.
• Firstly, development of language structure and the development of
language functions, will entails assigning roles to the language.
• Also through the passage of law, and the usage of such language in the
press radio and television. All these efforts can only be positively the
acceptance of the people which the planning is aimed at.
Some cases of Language Planning
• According to Weinstein (1980,), ‘Language planning is a government
authorized, long term, sustained, and conscious effort to alter a
language’s function in a society for the purpose of solving
communication problems.’
• Language planning is an attempt to interfere deliberately with a
language or one of its varieties: it is human intervention into natural
processes of language change, diffusion, and erosion.
Status planning changes the function of a language or a variety of a
language and the rights of those who use it.
Corpus planning seeks to develop a variety of a language or a language,
usually to standardize it, that is, to provide it with the means for serving
every possible language function in society
Cobarrubias (1983) has described four typical ideologies that
may motivate actual decision-making in language planning in
a particular society:
Linguistic pluralism, the
Linguistic assimilation is recognition of more than one
the belief that everyone, language, also takes a variety
regardless of origin, of forms. It can be territorially
should learn the based or individually based or
dominant language of there may be some
the society. combination of the two.

Internationalization is the Vernacularization is


adoption of a non-indigenous the restoration or
language of wider elaboration of an
communication either as an indigenous language
official language or for such and its adoption as
purposes as education or trade an official language.
Thank You For Listening

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