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Let The Waste of The Sick Not Contaminate The Lives of The Healthy

This document discusses biomedical waste, including its definition, sources, classification, hazards, treatment and disposal techniques, and legal issues. It defines biomedical waste as any waste generated during diagnosis, treatment or immunization of humans or animals in research activities. Sources include hospitals, clinics, labs, etc. Waste is classified into 10 categories based on type. Exposure can cause infections, toxicity, injuries. Proper handling, segregation, treatment and disposal are needed to protect health workers and the public. The Bio Medical Waste Rules of 1998 provide regulations for management of biomedical waste in India.

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Saurav Arora
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203 views22 pages

Let The Waste of The Sick Not Contaminate The Lives of The Healthy

This document discusses biomedical waste, including its definition, sources, classification, hazards, treatment and disposal techniques, and legal issues. It defines biomedical waste as any waste generated during diagnosis, treatment or immunization of humans or animals in research activities. Sources include hospitals, clinics, labs, etc. Waste is classified into 10 categories based on type. Exposure can cause infections, toxicity, injuries. Proper handling, segregation, treatment and disposal are needed to protect health workers and the public. The Bio Medical Waste Rules of 1998 provide regulations for management of biomedical waste in India.

Uploaded by

Saurav Arora
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LET THE WASTE OF THE SICK NOT CONTAMINATE

THE LIVES OF THE HEALTHY


 DEFINITION OF BIO MEDICAL WASTE
 SOURCES OF BIO MEDICAL WASTE
 CLASSFICATION
 HAZARDS
 TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL TECHNIQUES
 ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES
 ACCORDING TO BIO MEDICAL WASTE
(MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING) RULES,
1998:
› ANY WASTE WHICH IS GENERATED DURING THE
DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT OR IMMUNIZATION OF
HUMAN BEINGS OR ANIMALS OR IN RESEARCH
ACTIVITIES PERTAINING THRERTO OR IN THE
PRODUCTION OR TESTING OF BIOLOGICALS, AND
INCLUDING CATEGORIES AS MENTIONED IN
SCHEDULE I IN TABLE 4 (1).
 Hospitals
 Nursing homes
 Clinics
 Medical laboratories
 Blood banks
 Animal houses
 Such a waste can also be generated at home if
health care is being provided there to a patient
(e.g. injection, dressing material etc.)
 The exposure to hazardous health care waste
can result into:
› Infections.
› Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity.
› Chemical toxicity.
› Radioactivity hazards.
› Physical injuries.
› Public sensitivity.
 To prevent transmission of disease from
patient to patient, from patient to health
worker and vice versa.
 To prevent injury to the health care worker
and workers and workers in support services,
while handling biomedical waste.
 To prevent general exposure to the harmful
effects of the cytotoxic, genotoxic and
chemical biomedical waste.
 Handling
 Segregation
 Mutilation
 Disinfection
 Storage
 Transportation and final disposal
 There will be no chemical pretreatment before
incineration. Chlorinated plastics shall not be
incinerated.
 Deep burial shall be an option available only in
towns with population less than half a million
and in rural areas.
 Chemical treatment using at least one per cent
hypochlorite solution or any other equivalent
chemical reagent. It  must be ensured that
chemical treatment ensures disinfection.
 Mutilation / shredding must be such that it
prevents unauthorized reuse.
CATEGORY WASTE TYPE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL METHOD

Human Wastes
Category 1 (Tissues, organs, Incineration/deep burial
body parts

Category 2 Animal Waste Incineration/deep burial

Microbiology and
Category 3 Biotechnology Autoclave/microwave/incineration@
waste

Disinfection (chemical treatment)


Category 4 Sharps +/autoclaving/microwaving and mutilation
shredding

Discarded
Incineration/destruction and drugs disposal
Category 5 Medicines and
Cytotoxic Drugs in secured landfills
Contaminated solid Incineration@/autoclaving /
Category 6
waste microwaving

Solid waste Disinfection by chemical treatment+


Category 7 (disposable items microwaving/autoclaving & mutilation
other than sharps) shredding*
Liquid waste
(generated from
laboratory washing,
Disinfection by chemical treatment+ and
Category 8 cleaning,
housekeeping and discharge into the drains
disiunfecting
activity)

Category 9 Incineration ash Disposal in municipal landfill

Chemical Treatment + and discharge in


Category 10 Chemical Wastes to drain for liquids and secured landfill
for solids
COLOR TYPE OF WASTE
TREATMENT OPTION
CODING CONTAINER CATEGORY

Yellow Plastic Bag Cat 1,2,3,6 Incineration / deep burial

Disinfected
Autoclave/microwave/che
Red container / plastic Cat 3,6,7
mical treatment
bag

Autoclave/microwave/
Blue/white Plastic bag/
Cat 4,7 chemical treatment and
translucent Puncture proof
destruction shredding

Black Plastic bag Cat 5,9,10 Disposal in secure landfill


 Safe disposal of biomedical waste is now a legal
requirement in India.
 The ministry of Environment and Forests notified
the Bio Medical Waste (Management and
Handling) Rules, 1998 in July 1998.
 It is the duty of every “occupier” to take all steps
to ensure that waste generated is handled without
any adverse effect to human health and
environment.
 The hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, dispensaries,
pathological laboratories etc., are therefore required
to set in place the biological waste treatment
facilities.
 It is however not incumbent that every institution
has to have its own waste treatment facility.
 The rule also envisages that common facility or any
other facilities can be used for waste treatment.
 However it is incumbent on the occupier to ensure
that the waste is treated with in a period of 48
hours.
 Supreme Court judgment dated 1st March 1996 in
connection with safe disposal of hospital waste
ordered that
› i. All hospitals with 50 beds and above should install
either their own incinerator or an equally effective
alternative method before 30th November 1996.
› ii. The incinerator or the alternative method should
be installed with a necessary pollution control
mechanism confirming to the standard laid down by
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
› iii. Hazardous medical waste should be segregated as
source of disinfection before final disposal.
 Ministry of Environment & Forest, Govt. of India
issued a notification for Biomedical Waste
(Management & Handling) Rules 1998 in exercise
of powers conferred by Section 6, 8 & 25 of the
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 that was
published in The Gazette of India Extraordinary, Part-
II, Section 3-Sub-Section (ii) New Delhi, July 27, 1998.
These rules are further amended in 2000 & 2003.
Under these rules:
› a) The Delhi Pollution Control Committee has been
designated as Prescribed Authority to implement these rules
in the National Capital Territory of Delhi.
› b) In exercise of the Powers conferred by Rule 9 of the
Bio-Medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules,
1998 the Lt. Governor of Delhi has constituted an
Advisory Committee Vide No. F. 23 (322)/95/ EN/99 to
act such authority under the said Rules. The composition
of the Advisory Committee has 10 members with Pr.
Secretary (Health), Govt. of Delhi as Chairman and
Director Health Services as Member Secretary /
Convener. Under Chairmanship of Principal Secretary
(Health & Family Welfare) this Committee meets from
time to time to discuss and decide about various issues
connected with these rules.
SCHEDULE CONTENTS

Classification of biological waste in various categories (Table


Schedule I
3)
Color coding and types of containers to be used for each
Schedule II
category of biomedical waste (Table 4)

Schedule III Proforma of the label to be used on container / bag

Schedule IV Proforma of the label for transport of waste container / bag

Schedule V Standards for treatment and disposal of wastes

ScheduleVI Deadline for creation of waste treatment facilities


 Important to realise that if both types of
biomedical waste i.e. hazardous and non
hazardous are mixed together then the whole
waste becomes harmful.
 It is our responsibility to understand the
issues related to safe disposal of bio medical
waste.
 Treatment of biomedical waste should be
efficient so that no “new” waste is produced.

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