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Lesson 2 - Simplifying Expressions

This document provides information on trigonometric identities and formulae for double angles. It includes: 1) Common trigonometric identities for sin(A+B), cos(A+B), and tan(A+B) in terms of sinA, cosA, and tanA. 2) Double angle identities for sin(2A), cos(2A), and tan(2A) in terms of sinA and cosA. 3) Examples of using the double angle formulae to simplify expressions involving trigonometric functions of x, such as showing that cosx - sinx - 1 = -2sin(x/2)(sin(x/2) + cos(

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182 views8 pages

Lesson 2 - Simplifying Expressions

This document provides information on trigonometric identities and formulae for double angles. It includes: 1) Common trigonometric identities for sin(A+B), cos(A+B), and tan(A+B) in terms of sinA, cosA, and tanA. 2) Double angle identities for sin(2A), cos(2A), and tan(2A) in terms of sinA and cosA. 3) Examples of using the double angle formulae to simplify expressions involving trigonometric functions of x, such as showing that cosx - sinx - 1 = -2sin(x/2)(sin(x/2) + cos(

Uploaded by

iminathi ndlovu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Core 4

Trigonometry
Simplifying Expressions

Sin and Cos values you should know


The Double Angle Formulae
sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B
sin (A - B) = sin A cos B - cos A sin B

cos (A + B) = cos A cos B - sin A sin B


cos (A - B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B

tan (A + B) = tan A + tan B


1 – tan A tan B
Double Angle Identities
sin (2A) = 2 sin A cos A

cos (2A) = cos2 A - sin2 A


cos (2A) = cos2 A – (1 - cos2x) = 2 cos2 A - 1
cos (2A) = 1 - sin2x – sin2 A = 1 - 2 sin2 A

tan (2A) = 2 tan A


1 – tan2 A
Simplifying Expressions Using Double Angle Formulae - 1
E.g. Show cos x - sin x - 1 = -2 sin x/2 (sin x/2 + cos x/2)
Using
sin (2A) = 2 sin A cos A sin (x) = 2 sin x/2 cos x/2
cos (2A) = cos2 A - sin2 A cos (x) = cos2 x/2 - sin2 x/2
Rewrite
cos x - sin x - 1 = cos2 x/2 - sin2 x/2 - (2 sin x/2 cos x/2) -1
Since, sin2 x/2 + cos2 x/2 = 1 Then: cos2 x/2 = 1 - sin2 x/2

cos x - sin x - 1 = 1 - sin2 x/2 - sin2 x/2 - (2 sin x/2 cos x/2) -1
= - 2 sin2 x/2 - (2 sin x/2 cos x/2)

= - 2 sin x/2 (sin x/2 + cos x/2) QED


Simplifying Expressions Using Double Angle Formulae - 2
E.g. Show (cos A + sin A) (cos B + sin B) = cos (A - B) + sin (A + B)
Recall (because they are in the answer, you’ll need them!)
sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B
cos (A - B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
Expand
(cos A + sin A) (cos B + sin B)
= cos A cos B + cos A sin B + sin A cos B + sin A sin B
= sin A cos B + cos A sin B + cos A cos B + sin A sin B

sin (A + B) cos (A - B)

= cos (A - B) + sin (A + B) QED


Have a go
Page 60

Ex A
Q 6, 7, 8 , 9
Things you should know - 1
y = sin x
sin 0 = 0
sin 90 =1

sin x = cos (90-x)


cos x = sin (90-x)
y = cos x

cos 0 = 1
cos 90 =0
Things you should know - 2

sin 45 = 1/2 = 0.707


1 2 cos 45 = 1/2 = 0.707
45o
1

sin 30 =1/2= 0.5


60o
2
sin 60 = /2 = 0.866
3 3

cos 60 =1/2= 0.5 30o


1
cos 30 = 3/2 = 0.866

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