Introduction To Programming
Introduction To Programming
Lecture 2
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Today’s Lecture
Software Categories
System Software
Application Software
Introduction to ‘C’ Language
History
Evolution
Justification
Development Environment of ‘C’
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There are two main categories of software
System software
Application Software
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System software
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Application Software
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History of C language
The C language was developed in late 60’s and early 70’s, in Bell
Laboratories.
The BCPL language was developed in 1967 by Martin Richards as
a language for writing operating systems software and compilers.
In 1970 Ken Thompson used B language to create early versions
of the UNIX operating system at Bell Laboratories. Thus both the
languages were being used to develop various system software
even compilers.
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Both BCPL and B were ‘type less’ languages,
every data item occupied one ‘word’ in memory
and the burden of treating a data item as a whole
number or real number, for example was the
responsibility of the programmer.
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Tools of the trade
Editor
Interpreter and Compilers
Debuggers
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Integrated Development Environment
(IDE)
It contains
Editor
Compilers
Debugger
Linkers
Loaders
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Editor Disk
Program is created in the
editor and stored on disk.
Preprocessor program
Preprocessor Disk processes the code.
Compiler creates object code
Compiler Disk and stores
it on disk.
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EDITORS:
First of all we need a tool for writing the code of a program. For this
purpose we used Editors in which we write our code.
For programming purposes we don’t need word processors like bold
the text, italic, coloring the text etc. , we only need simple text. Text
editors are such editors which save only the text which we type. So for
programming we will be using a text editor.
Compiler and Interpreter
As we write the code in English and we know that computers can
understand only 0s nd 1s. So we need a translator which translates the
code of our program into machine language.
There are two kinds of translators which are known as Interpreter and
Compilers. These translators translate our program which is written in
C-Language into Machine language.
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Loader
After a executable program is linked and saved on the disk and
it is ready for execution. We need another process which loads
the program into memory and then instruct the processor to
start the execution of the program from the first instruction
(the starting point of every C program is from the main
function). This processor is known as loader. Linker and
loaders are the part of development environment. These are
part of system software. The following figure represents a
graphical explanation of all the steps involved in writing and
executing a program.
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