CRAFT: A Sample Computation of Savings from a

Feasible Pairwise Interchange

• The matrix on the left is the previous matrix, before interchange. The
matrix on the right is after.
• Dist (A,B) and (C,D) does not change.
• New dist (A,C) = Previous dist (A,D)
• New dist (A,D) = Previous dist (A,C) Interchange
• New dist (B,C) = Previous dist (B,D) C,D
• New dist (B,D) = Previous dist (A,C)

To To
F ro m A B C D F ro m A B C D
A 50 90 60 A 50 60 90
B 50 60 110 B 50 110 60
C 90 60 50 C 60 110 50
D 60 110 50 D 90 60 50 1
CRAFT: A Sample To
F ro m A B C D
Computation of
Savings A 2 7 4
B 3 5 7 (a)
C 6 7 3
(a) Material handling trips
(given) D 7 7 3
To
F ro m A B C D
(b) Distances (rearranged)
A 50 60 90
(c) Sample computation: B 50 110 60 (b)
distance traveled (A,B) C 60 110 50
= trips (A,B)  dist (A,B)
D 90 60 50
=
Total distance traveled F ro m
To
A B C D
= 100+420+360+… A 100 420 360
= 4480 B 150 550 420 (c)
Savings C 360 770 150
=
D 630 420 150 2
 CRAFT: Improvement Procedure

• To complete the exercise

1. Compute savings from all the feasible interchanges. If there is
no (positive) savings, stop.
2. If any interchange gives some (positive) savings, choose the
interchange that gives the maximum savings
3. If an interchange is chosen, then for every department find an
exact centroid after the interchange is implemented
4. Repeat the above 3 steps as longs as Step 1 finds an
interchange with some (positive) savings.

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 CRAFT: Exact Coordinates of Centroids

• Sometimes, an interchange may result

in a peculiar shape of a department; a

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
shape that is composed of some D A
rectangular pieces
• For example, consider the layout (from
example) and interchange departments C
A and D. The resulting picture is shown
on the right. B
• How to compute the exact coordinate of
the centroid (of a shape like A)?

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

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CRAFT: Exact Coordinates of Centroids

50 60 70 80 90 100
Let
A1  Area A1  A A1
A2  Area A2 
 x1 , y1 
 Centroid of A1 A2

 x2 , y2 
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
 Centroid of A1

Find the centroid of A

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 CRAFT: Exact Coordinates of Centroids

X-coordinate Multiply
Rectangle Area of centroid (2) and (3)
(1) (2) (3) (4)
A1
A2
Total

X-coordinate of the centroid of A

A1 x1  A2 x2

A1  A2


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CRAFT: Exact Coordinates of Centroids

Y-coordinate Multiply
Rectangle Area of centroid (2) and (3)
(1) (2) (3) (4)
A1
A2
Total

Y-coordinate of the centroid of A

A1 y1  A2 y2

A1  A2


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CRAFT: Exact Coordinates of Centroids

50 60 70 80 90 100
A A1

A2

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Exact coordinate of area A is

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 CRAFT: Some Comments

• An improvement procedure, not a construction procedure

• At every stage some pairwise interchanges are considered and the best
one is chosen
• Interchanges are only feasible if departments have the same area; or they
share a common boundary
• Departments of unequal size that are not adjacent are not considered for
interchange
• Estimated cost reduction may not be obtained after interchange (because
the savings are based on approximate centroids)
• Strangely shaped departments may be formed

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 Computerized Layout Planning
Graphical Representation
“Points and lines” representation is not convenient for analysis

10
 CRAFT - Example 2
Initial Layout

Ma Flow Data
From/To A B C D
A B A - 2 4 4
B 1 - 1 3
C 2 1 - 2
D 4 1 0 -
C D

Total Cost
Distance Data From/To A B C D Total
From/To A B C D A - 80 100 220 400
A - 40 25 55 B 40 - 65 75 180
B 40 - 65 25 C 50 65 - 80 195
C 25 65 - 40 D 220 25 0 - 245
D 55 25 40 - Total 310 170 165 375 1020
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 CRAFT - Example 2
• A & D  interchange  Total cost = 1.095
• A (60, 10) dan D (25, 30)
• A & C  interchange  Total cost = 99
• C & D  interchange  Total cost = 1.040
• B & D  interchange  Total cost = 945 
estimated total cost 
• B & C  tidak dapat dipertukarkan

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 CRAFT - Example 2
• Yang dipilih adalah pertukaran B & D 
menghasilkan layout baru dg department
centroid, sesuai dengan luas yang diinginkan
pada layout awal
– (XA, YA) = (25, 30)
– (XB, YB) = (55, 10)
– (XC, YC) = (20, 10)
– (XD, YD) = (67.5, 25)

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 CRAFT - Example 2

To
A B C D
From
40’

30’
A 50 25 47.5
20’

10’
B 50 35 27.5
20’ 40’ 60’ 80’

C 25 35 62.5

D 47.5 27.5 62.5

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 Layout Evaluation – Distance-Based
Scoring
– Distance-based scoring
– Impact of aisle layout and direction of travel

A B

C D

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