EMERGING

MEMORY
TECHNOLOGY

Submitted by: Ahmed Tanees Adil-143

Ibrahim Abdul Khaliq-162
Saif Ul Rehman-005
TYPES OF MEMORY

■ Sensory Memory
■ Short-Term Memory
■ Long-Term Memory
Emerging Technology

■ Semiconductor Memory Types & Technologies

■ Cloud Storage
Semiconductor Memory Types & Technologies

Semiconductor memory is a digital electronic data

storage device, often used as computer memory,
implemented with semiconductor electronic devices on
an integrated circuit
Types Of Semiconductor Memory

■ DRAM ■ Phase change memory

■ EEPROM     ■ SDRAM
■ Flash ■ SRAM 
■ FRAM   
■ MRAM 
DRAM

■ Fact that power is required for the DRAM to maintain its

data, it is what is termed a volatile memory
■ Form of random access memory
■ Widely used in digital electronics where low-cost and
high-capacity memory is required
■ Stores each bit of data on a small capacitor within the
memory cell
DRAM(Continue....)

■ Capacitor can be either charged or discharged and this

provides the two states, "1" or "0" for the cell
■ Charge within the capacitor leaks, necessary to refresh
each memory cell periodically
■ This refresh requirement gives rise to the term
dynamic
Advantages & Disadvantages Of
DRAM
Advantages of DRAM
– Very dense
– Low cost per bit
– Simple memory cell structure
Advantages & Disadvantages Of
DRAM
Disadvantages of DRAM
– Data requires refreshing
– More complex external circuitry required (read and
refresh periodically)
– Volatile memory
– Relatively slow operational speed
EEPROM
There are two main memory types that are available
■ Serial EEPROM memory:
1. More difficult to operate
2. Data is transferred in a serial fashion
■ Parallel EEPROM memory:
1. Simpler than that of an equivalent serial
EEPROM.
2. Faster than that of a comparable serial EEPROM.
EEPROM

■ E2PROM is a type of non-volatile memory

■ used to store relatively small amounts of data that can
allow individual bytes to be erased & reprogrammed
■ Possible to read data from it and also erase it and write
data to it
■ read and write cycles are performed much slower
FRAM

■ Form of random access memory that combines speed &

non-volatility
■ FRAM or ferroelectric RAM seems to indicate that an
iron element exists within the memory (this is not
actually the case)
■ Not used widely, as developers tend to rely on trusted
technologies
FRAM

■ Now being embedded into chips using CMOS

technology to enable MCUs
■ requires fewer stages than the number required for
incorporating Flash memory onto MCU chips
Advantages & Disadvantages Of
FRAM
Advantages of FRAM
– Lower power usage
– Much larger number of write-erase cycles
– Faster write performance
Advantages & Disadvantages Of
FRAM
Disadvantages of FRAM
– Lower storage density
– Higher cost
– Overall capacity limitation
FLASH Memory

■ Flash memory is a non-volatile form of electronic data

storage
■ It uses the same method of programming as the
standard EPROM
■ Based on EEPROM chips
■ Consist of memory banks formed of storing cells
disposed in a grid of columns and rows.
Advantages & Disadvantages Of Flash
Memory
Advantages of FRAM
– Non-volatile memory
– Easily portable (e.g. USB memory sticks, camera
flash cards, etc)
– Mechanically robust
Advantages & Disadvantages Of Flash
Memory
Disadvantages of FRAM
– Higher cost per bit than hard drives
– Slower than other forms of memory
– Limited number of write / erase cycles
– Data must be erased before new data can be
written
– Data typically erased and written in blocks
MRAM (Magnetic RAM)

■ It uses magnetic charge to store data instead of electric

Charge.
■ It is termed as non-volatile memory.
■ It’s operation is based around a structure known as a
magnetic tunnel junction
Advantages & Disadvantages Of
MRAM
MRAM technology is completely different to any other
semiconductor technology and it offers a number of advantages:
– It retain its data when the power is removed.
– It has a high read write speed than Flash and EEPROM.
– It’s data does not degrade over time.
– Comparatively, it comes less power .
Advantages & Disadvantages Of
MRAM
Disadvantages of MRAM:
– It has been developing a suitable MRAM structure that will
allow the memories to be manufactured satisfactorily.
– High power needed to write.
– Heat Problem.
PRAM
■ Phase change memory can be referred to by a number of names
including P-RAM or PRAM, PC-RAM, phase change RAM,
and possibly more.
■ It is a form of non-volatile memory.
■ The passage of current which produces heat as it passes
through a cell allows it substance to change between two
states(i.e. polycrystalline and amorphous). This gives rise to
the name phase change.
PRAM
■ Amorphous Properties are:
– Short range atomic order.
– High reflectivity.
– High resistance.
■ Polycrystalline Properties are:
– Long range atomic order.
– Low reflectivity.
– Low resistance.
Advantages & Disadvantages Of
PRAM
Advantages of PRAM:
– Because of its nonvolatile form of memory, it does not requires power
to retain its information.
– It has a fast random access time which enables the execution of code
directly from the memory, without the need to copy the data to RAM.
– The write/erase performance of P-Ram is very good having faster
speeds and lower latency than NAND flash.
Advantages & Disadvantages Of
PRAM
Disadvantages of PRAM:
– The ability of Flash to store and detect multiple bits per cell
still gives flash a memory capacity advantage over P-RAM.
– Despite its great advantages, few companies have been able
to develop chips that have been successfully
commercialized.
SDRAM(Synchronous DRAM)

■ SDRAM is the name for any DRAM where the operation the
external interface is synchronized by an external clock signal.
■ SDRAM is capable of keeping two sets of memory addresses
open simultaneously. By transferring data alternately from one
set of addresses, and then the other
■ SDRAM can accept a new instruction before it has finished
processing the previous one
TYPES OF SDRAM
■ SDR SDRAM:
– This the basic type of SDRAM. It referred to as a Single data rate SDRAM.
■ DDR SDRAM:
– It is referred to as a Double Data Rate SDRAM. This type of SDRAM provides
data transfer at twice the speed of the traditional type of SDRAM memory.
Similarly,
■ DDR2 SDRAM
■ DDR3 SDRAM
■ DDR4 SDRAM
■ DDR5 SDRAM
SRAM (STATIC RAM)
■ It is a form of semiconductor memory that is widely used in
electronics, microprocessor and general computing
applications.
■ It stores data is a static fashion, and does not need to be
dynamically updated.
■ It is a form of volatile memory.
■ The operation of the SRAM memory cell is relatively
straightforward.
Advantages & Disadvantages Of
SRAM
Advantages Of SRAM:
– SRAM are faster as compared to DRAM.
– It has less power consumption.
– It has higher density, less complicated structure and high memory capacity.
– SRAM are easier to control, the refresh cycle does not need to be taken in account.
Disadvantages of SRAM:
– It is a form of volatile memory.
– SRAM are expensive as compare to DRAM.
Emerging Memory
Technologies
 WHAT IS CLOUD?
• The name Cloud is given on the
perception of cloud.

• Does not require big team to manage.

• Cost saving

• Easy access

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HOW DOES IT WORK ?
WORKS IN TWO SEGMENTS:

• Front End:

Customer, Client and Pc front side.

• Back End:

Server and PC back side.

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 WHY CLOUD ?
Cloud provides

• Flexibility

• Portability

• Economical Approach

• Security

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 SECURITY OF CLOUD:
Why is security of cloud important?

• Being used my many business organizations.

• Being used my many real time systems.

• User save their personal data in cloud.

• To increase peoples believe in cloud.

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SECTORS USING CLOUD:
Secondly Cloud is being used by many sectors, so
that is why its security should be up to the mark :

• Integration of cloud & IOT.

• Big data & cloud computing.

• Vehicular cloud computing.

• Mobile cloud computing.

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 VEHICULAR CLOUD COMPUTING:

• Cars in parking lots being used as nodes

Airport parking & other shopping malls parking.

• Cars in signal and traffic jams.

• Why is its security important?

Alteration of records in parking lots.

Traffic management errors.

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INTEGRATION OF CLOUD & IOT:

The two fields of cloud and IOT have seen a fast and free
development.

• IOT can profit by the essentially boundless abilities which are

a great acid to cloud.

• Cloud can profit IOT by stretching its degree to manage

genuine things in an appropriate manner.

• Cloud can give the middle of the road layer between the
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things and the application.
BIG DATA & CLOUD:
Cloud computing and big data are linked with each
other.

• Big data provides the capacity to utilize products

figuring to process circulated inquiries.

• Cloud computing provides the fundamental

mechanism using Hadoop.

• Big data can be signified in three main terms. Volume,

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 MOBILE CLOUD COMPUTING:

• Cell phones nowadays are equipped with a technology

which expands computational power like control of
processes, storage.

• Cloud computing provides a boundless ground to the

cell phones .

• Location tracking.

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 CONCLUSION:
• Cloud have brought revolution in field of virtual
memory.

• Efficient way of storing data.

• Every thing have advantages and disadvantages.

• Security Risks.

• Under developing technology.

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