Long Multiplication

Objectives
• To understand the process of long multiplication
• To be able to accurate complete long multiplication sums
Calculate the product of 1,456 and 17
• With complex calculations it is good practice to do an estimate first.
You should then use the estimate to ensure you have not made a silly
mistake while calculating.

• Do NOT spend an extended time doing your estimate-you should be

able to calculate mentally.
1,456 x 17

Round to:

1,500 x 20 = 30,000
 Long multiplication (Estimate 1,500 x 20 =
30,000)
Example- 1456 x 17
Long multiplication HTh TTh Th H T U
When completing
involves two 1 4 5 6 long multiplication
different
x 1 7 sums, the layout of
calculations. The
the sum in your
first part is the
multiplying; the book is very
second part is + important. Each
adding the number should be
multiplied numbers clearly lined up in
together. the correct column.
Long multiplication (Estimate 1,500 x 20 = 30,000)
Example- 1,456 x 17 The number of
digits in the
HTh TTh Th H T U
second number
1 4 5 6 corresponds with
x 1 7 the number of
lines needed in the
addition part of
the sum.
+
 The first step is to
put a 0 in the
Long multiplication second line of the
addition sum. This
Example- 1,456 x 17 is because at this
HTh TTh Th H T U point you will be
multiplying 1456 x
1 4 5 6
10 so the answer
x 1 7 will end in a 0.
NOT ADDING THIS
ZERO IS THE
+ MOST COMMON
0
MISTAKE MADE
WHILE DOING
LONG
MULTIPLICATION.
Long multiplication
Example- 1456 x 17
The next step is to
HTh TTh Th H T U
start with the units (U)
1 4 5 6 column and multiply
the bottom digit by
x 1 7
the one above. In this
example it is 7 x 6.
UNITS X UNITS
+ 0
Long multiplication
Example- 1456 x 17 The answer to 7 x 6 = 42.
The 2 is placed in the U
HTh TTh Th H T U
column and the 40 is
1 4 5 6 carried to the tens (T)
x 1 7 column and represented
with the digit 4.
2
4
+ 0
 The next step is to
multiply the 7 by the
Long multiplication number in the Tens
column; in this example
Example- 1456 x 17
that digit is 5.
HTh TTh Th H T U TENS X TENS
1 4 5 6
7 x 5 = 35 but as there is
x 1 7 already a 4 carried over
you add this to the answer
3 9 2
4 to give you 39.
+ 0 The 9 is placed in the Tens
column and the 3 carried
over in to the hundreds
column.
 You now repeat the same
Long multiplication process as before, but this
time in the Hundreds
Example- 1456 x 17 column.
HTh TTh Th H T U
UNITS X HUNDREDS

1 4 5 6 7 x 4 = 28 but as there is
already a 3 carried over
x 1 7 you add this to the answer
1 9 2 to give you 31.
3 3 4
+ 0 The 1 is placed in the
Hundreds column and the
3 carried over in to the
thousands column.
 This time, the 7 is
Long multiplication multiplied by the digit in
the Th column. 1 in this
Example- 1456 x 17 instance.
UNITS x THOUSANDS
HTh TTh Th H T U
As there are no 1 4 5 6 7 x 1 = 7 but as there is
further already a 3 carried over
numbers to x 1 7 you add this to the answer
multiply, the 1 to give you 10.
1 3 0 1
3 9 2
4
carried over The 0 is placed in the
remains in the + 0 thousands column and the
ten thousand
1 carried over in to the
column. Ten Thousands column.
Long multiplication
This process is exactly
Example- 1,456 x 17 the same as short
HTh TTh Th H T U multiplication. The sum
1 4 5 6 completed so far is
1,456 x 7= 10,192.
x 1 7

1 0 1 9 2 1456 x 7
+ 0
Long multiplication
Example- 1,456 x 17 The next step is to
multiply 1456 x 10.
HTh TTh Th H T U
1 4 5 6
x 1 7

1 0 1 9 2 1456 x 7
+ 0 1456 x10
 Take the number in
Long multiplication the Tens column in the
second number and
Example- 1,456 x 17 multiply it by the digit
HTh TTh Th H T U
in the U column
above. In this example
1 4 5 6 it is 10 x 6= 60.
x 1 7 TENS X UNITS
As the 0 has already
1 0 1 9 2 been placed in the U
+ 6 0 column the 6 is placed
into the Tens column.
Place value is correct
due to the added 0.
Long multiplication
Example- 1,456 x 17 The next step is to
HTh TTh Th H T U
multiply the 1 by the 5 in
the Tens column above.
1 4 5 6 TENS X TENS
x 1 7
5 x 1 = 5. The 5 is placed
1 0 1 9 2 into the hundreds column
+ 5 6 0 as the calculation you
have completed is 10 x 50
=500.
 Then multiply the 1 by the
Long multiplication next number in the
Example- 1456 x 17 Hundreds column above;
in this example that digit
HTh TTh Th H T U is 4.
1 4 5 6 TENS x HUNDREDS

x 1 7 1 x 4 = 4. As there is no
number carried over you
1 0 1 9 2 place the 4 in the
+ 4 5 6 0 Thousands column. The
calculation you have just
completed is 10 x 400 =
4,000
Long multiplication
Example- 1,456 x 17
HTh TTh Th H T U
1 4 5 6 This time, the 1 is
multiplied by the digit in
x 1 7 the Thousands column.
TENS X THOUSANDS
1 0 1 9 2 The calculation just
+ 1 4 5 6 0 completed is 10 x
1000=10,000
Long multiplication(Estimate 1,500 x 20 = 30,000)
Example- 1,456 x 17
HTh TTh Th H T U TIP: The number on the
1 4 5 6 bottom row is always
larger than the number in
x 1 7 top row.

1 0 1 9 2 1456 x 7= 10,192
+ 1 4 5 6 0 1456 x10= 14,560
Long multiplication(Estimate 1,500 x 20 = 30,000) That is all the
multiplication part
Example- 1,456 x 17
of the sum
HTh TTh Th H T U
complete. All that
1 4 5 6 is left to do is to add
the two answers
x 1 7 together.
1 0 1 9 2
+ 1 4 5 6 0
2
Long multiplication(Estimate 1,500 x 20 = 30,000)
Example- 1456 x 17
HTh TTh Th H T U
1 4 5 6
x 1 7

1 0 1 9 2
+ 1 4 5 6 0
5 2
1
Long multiplication (Estimate 1,500 x 20 = 30,000)
Example- 1,456 x 17
HTh TTh Th H T U
1 4 5 6
x 1 7

1 0 1 9 2
+ 1 4 5 6 0
7 5 2
1
Long multiplication(Estimate 1,500 x 20 = 30,000)
Example- 1,456 x 17
HTh TTh Th H T U
1 4 5 6
x 1 7

1 0 1 9 2
+ 1 4 5 6 0
4 7 5 2
1
Long multiplication (Estimate 1,500 x 20 = 30,000)

Example- 1,456 x 17
HTh TTh Th H T U OUR ESTIMATE IS
1 4 5 6 30,000
x 1 7 OUR
CALCULATED
1 0 1 9 2 VALUE IS 24,752.
+ 1 4 5 6 0
2 4 7 5 2
HAPPY!!!!!
1
Long Multiplication with decimals
• Now image you were asked to find the product of 14.56 and 1.7.
• First Step with a tricky calculation like this should be to produce an
estimate.
14.56 x 1.7

Round to:

15 x 2 = 30
Long Multiplication with decimals
• Now image you were asked to find the product of 14.56 and 1.7.
• First Step with a tricky calculation like this should be to produce an
estimate.
• Second Step is to ignore the decimal points and calculate 1456 x 17.
Long Multiplication with decimals
• Now image you were asked to find the product of 14.56 and 1.7.
• First Step with a tricky calculation like this should be to produce an
estimate.
• Second Step is to ignore the decimal points and calculate 1456 x 17.
1456 x 17 = 24752
• Final Step is to add decimal point back into answer-IN THE CORRECT
POSITION.
Long Multiplication with decimals
• Now image you were asked to find the product of 14.56 and 1.7.
• First Step with a tricky calculation like this should be to produce an
estimate.
• Second Step is to ignore the decimal points and calculate 1456 x 17.
1456 x 17 = 24752
• Final Step is to add decimal point back into answer-IN THE CORRECT
POSITION.
• Method 1: Use our estimate (30 in this case)-the only suitable place to
add the decimal point to get a result close to our estimate is 24.752
Long Multiplication with decimals
• Now image you were asked to find the product of 14.56 and 1.7.
• First Step with a tricky calculation like this should be to produce an estimate.
• Second Step is to ignore the decimal points and calculate 1456 x 17. 1456 x 17 =
24752
• Final Step is to add decimal point back into answer-IN THE CORRECT POSITION.
• Method 1: Use our estimate (30 in this case)-the only suitable place to add the
decimal point to get a result close to our estimate is 24.752
• Method 2: Go back the the original 14.56 x 1.7. There are three numbers to
the right of the decimal point. The answer always has the same number of
digits the right of the decimal point. 24.752
Long multiplication (Estimate 15 x 2 = 30)

Example- 14.56 x 1.7

OUR ESTIMATE IS
1 4 5 6 30
x 1 7 OUR
CALCULATED
1 0 1 9 2 VALUE IS 24.752
+ 1 4 5 6 0
2 4 7 5 2
HAPPY!!!!!
1
Have a go- try and complete this on your own. As
you click there are hints which will help you.
Example- 418 x 28
HTh TTh Th H T U
4 1 8
x 2 8

+
Answer
Example- 418 x 28
HTh TTh Th H T U
4 1 8
x 2 8
3 Now
Did you
addgettogether
the first
13 64 4
carefully
part
secondof the
part
to sum
get
of the
your
+ 8 1 3 6 0 final
correct?
sum answer!
correct?
1 1 7 0 4
1
Hints and tips
• Long multiplication is simple if you remember the following
tips:
• Set your work out carefully in the correct columns;
• The number of rows you need to leave underneath the sum
corresponds with the number of digits in the second number of
your sum (345 x 23; 23 has 2 digits so 2 rows are needed!);
• Put a 0 in the second row in the U column BEFORE you start any
multiplying;
• When you have finished multiplying, add the two answers
together accurately!
Now it’s your turn to have a go!
• Complete the following sums in your book.
• If you need a bit of extra help you may find the worksheet useful.
1. 23 x 19
2. 35 x 27
3. 532 x 18
4. 629 x 21
5. 43.93 x 34
6. 5932 x 2.4
Answers
Now it’s your turn to have a go!
• Complete the following sums in your book.
• If you need a bit of extra help you may find the worksheet useful.
1. 23 x 19= 437
2. 35 x 27= 945
3. 532 x 18= 9,576
4. 629 x 21= 13,209
5. 43.93 x 34= 1,493.62
6. 5932 x 2.4= 14,236.8