Scribd
Upload
83 views

Today's Topics: - System V Interprocess Communication (IPC) Mechanism

The document discusses various interprocess communication (IPC) mechanisms in Unix/Linux systems, including message queues, shared memory, and semaphores. It provides an overview of these concepts and how they can be used, with examples of creating and using message queues and shared memory. It also discusses processes, signals, pipes, and other related concepts in Unix programming.

Uploaded by

praveenhp_
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
83 views

Today's Topics: - System V Interprocess Communication (IPC) Mechanism

The document discusses various interprocess communication (IPC) mechanisms in Unix/Linux systems, including message queues, shared memory, and semaphores. It provides an overview of these concepts and how they can be used, with examples of creating and using message queues and shared memory. It also discusses processes, signals, pipes, and other related concepts in Unix programming.

Uploaded by

praveenhp_
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

Today’s topics

•System V Interprocess communication


(IPC) mechanism
–Message Queues
–Semaphores
–Shared Memory
• Summary of processes related concepts

COP5570 – Advanced Unix Programming Florida State University


Why other IPC mechanisms

• Pipes/sockets
• FIFO semantics
• Signals: sending flags
• Sometimes, we want something beyond FIFO
• FIFO with tags (message queue)
• File semantics: the content is always there unless it
is modified explicitly. (shared memory)
•Once concurrency is allowed in shared data, we will
need a way to protect (lock) the data. (semaphore)

COP5570 – Advanced Unix Programming Florida State University


Message queues

• What are they?


– Similar to the FIFO pipes, except that
a tag (type) is matched when
reading/writing.
• Allowing cutting in line (I am only
interested in a particular type of message)
• Equivalent to merging of multiple FIFO
pipes in one.

COP5570 – Advanced Unix Programming Florida State University


Message queues

• Creating a message queue:


– int msgget(key_t key, int msgflag);

– Key can be any large number. But to


avoiding using conflicting keys in
different programs, use ftok() (the
key master).
• key_t ftok(const char *path, int id);
– Path point to a file that the process can stat
– Id: project ID, only the last 8 bits are used

COP5570 – Advanced Unix Programming Florida State University


• Message queue.
– A linked list of messages stored within the
kernel and identified by a message queue
identifier.
• Every message has a type field, and a nonnegative
length, and the actual data bytes.
• Msgsnd puts a message at the end of the queue
• Msgrcv gets a message, may not follow FIFO order
(can be based on type)
• Has resource limits: MSGMAX, MSGMNB,
MSGMNI, MSGTQL.

COP5570 – Advanced Unix Programming Florida State University


• Message queue operations
Int msgget(key_t, int flag)
Int msgctl(int msgid, int cmd, struct msgid_ds *buf)
Int msgsnd(int msgid, const void *ptr, size nbytes,
int flag);
Int msgrcv(int msgid, void *ptr, size_t nbytes, long
type, int flag);

• Performance advantage is no longer there


in newer systems (compared with pipe)

COP5570 – Advanced Unix Programming Florida State University


Shared Memory
Common chunk of read/write memory
among processes
MAX

Shared Memory
(unique key)
Create
ptr ptr
Attach 0 Attach
Proc. 1 Proc. 2

ptr ptr ptr

Proc. 3 Proc. 4 Proc. 5


COP5570 – Advanced Unix Programming Florida State University
Creating Shared Memory

int shmget(key_t key, size_t size, int shmflg);

Example:
key_t key;
int shmid;

key = ftok(“<somefile>", ‘A');

shmid = shmget(key, 1024, 0644 | IPC_CREAT);

Here’s an example: shm_create.c.

COP5570 – Advanced Unix Programming Florida State University


Attach and Detach
Shared Memory
void *shmat(int shmid, void *shmaddr, int shmflg);
int shmdt(void *shmaddr);

Example:
key_t key;
int shmid;
char *data;

key = ftok("<somefile>", ‘A');


shmid = shmget(key, 1024, 0644);
data = shmat(shmid, (void *)0, 0);

shmdt(data);
Here’s an shm_attach.c

COP5570 – Advanced Unix Programming Florida State University


Deleting Shared Memory

int shmctl(int shmid, int cmd, struct shmid_ds *buf);

shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL);

Example: Shm_delete.c

COP5570 – Advanced Unix Programming Florida State University


Command-line IPC control

• ipcs
– Lists all IPC objects owned by the user

• ipcrm
– Removes specific IPC object

COP5570 – Advanced Unix Programming Florida State University


Semaphores

• Managing concurrent access to shared memory segment.

• Using Semaphores

– Creation: semget( … )

– Incr/Decr/Test-and-set : semop(…)

– Deletion: semctl(semid, 0, IPC_RMID, 0);

Online tutorial
http://www.ecst.csuchico.edu/~beej/guide/ipc/semaphores.html

COP5570 – Advanced Unix Programming Florida State University


• Process environment
– Command line arguments: argc, argv
– environ and getenv()
– getpid(), getuid(), getppid()
– How does a program access the second
(command line) argument?
– How does a process access the variable you
set in shell using commands such as “setenv
TERM vt100”?
– How does a process know its parent’s process
id? How does a parent know its children’s
process ids?

Florida State University


• Process management
– fork, exit, wait, waitpid, execv
– How can a parent process know
whether its child has executed
successfully?
– How to determine whether execv runs
a command successfully?

Florida State University


• File operations:
– What are the related data structures
for file operations?
– open, close, read write, unlink, dup.
– How to redirect the standard
input/output/error?

Florida State University


• Inter-process communication:
– Pipe
– What kind of processes can
communicate with pipes?
– How to implement “ps | grep xyuan |
more”?
– Message queue
– Shared memory
– semaphore

Florida State University


• Inter-process communication:
– Signal
– What is the typical default action for a
signal?
– Blocking/unblocking a signal
• sigset manipulation
– sigfillset, sigemptyset, sigaddset, sigdelset,
sigismember
• the sigprocmask system call
– Install signal handler (can ignore a signal
or use default handler)
• signal
• sigaction
– Sending signal: kill, alarm

Florida State University


• Terminal I/O
– canonical mode
– noncanonical mode
• tcgetattr, tcsetattr
• termios data structure

Florida State University


• Process group/session/control
terminal
– Related to job control
• Who gets to access the keyboard? Who to
send signal generated from the keyboard.
– Foreground and background processes
– Joining a group or creating a group:
setpgid
– Making a group foreground or
background
• tcgetpgrp/tcsetpgrp

Florida State University


Realizing shell/make commands

• IO redirection
• Pipes
• Background execution
• “arrow” functions
• ‘cd’ command
– Why is this command different from other
commands?
• PATH environment variable.

COP5570 – Advanced Unix Programming Florida State University

You might also like