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Database Fundamentals: Vidhya Sagar, MVP (SQL Server)

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Radhikavarada
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30 views

Database Fundamentals: Vidhya Sagar, MVP (SQL Server)

Uploaded by

Radhikavarada
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATABASE FUNDAMENTALS

Vidhya Sagar, MVP (SQL Server)


[email protected]
AGENDA

 What is RDBMS?
 ACID Property
 SQL Server Architecture
 Normalization & DE-normalization
 Entity Model relationship
DBMS
• Set of Software to store, organize, manage & to retrieve the data from database
• Accept queries and retrieve the data
• First generation DBMS developed at 1960s
• 4 essential element of DBMS
• Database Modeling Language - Hierarchical, Network, Relational, and Object models
• Data Structure
• Database Query Language
• Transaction Mechanism
RDBMS
• R stands for Relational.
• Relational database model is developed by Edgar Codd in 1970s
• Ability to add relationship between data stored in different tables
• Normalization is possible in RDBMS
• Adhere to CODD’s rule
DBMS VS RDBMS
• Relationship is possible between data stored in tables where as it’s not possible in DBMS
• RDBMS supports multiple users where as DBMS supports single user only
• Constraints are possible in RDBMS and not in DBMS
• RDBMS requires more hardware compared to DBMS
• Normalization techniques can be applied in RDBMS
• RDBMS supports client server architecture
• RDBMS is more secure than DBMS system
ACID PROPERTY
• ACID is a set of database property that guarantee database transactions are processed
reliably.
• ACID
• A – Atomicity – Either all of the tasks of a transaction are performed or none of them are.
In simple we can say “All or Nothing”
• C – Consistency – Data should be consistent when transactions get completed
• I – Isolation – Transactions should be isolated from each other
• D – Durability -- Survival in any circumstance. Data should be consistent once it’s
committed and should be able to retrieve even in system failure
SQL SERVER ARCHITECTURE
SQL SERVER ARCHITECTURE
SQL SERVER ARCHITECTURE EXPLAINED
NORMALIZATION & DENORMALIZATION
• Process of designing data model to store data efficiently
• Main goal is to eliminate redundant data
• Five types of normalization rules are there
• 1NF - Eliminate repeating groups
• 2NF - Eliminate redundant data plus 1NF
• 3NF - Eliminate columns not dependent on key plus 1NF and 2NF
• 4NF - A relation is in 4NF if it has no multi-valued dependencies plus meet all
requirements in first 3 normalizations. Also called as Boyce Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
• 5NF – Eliminate redundancy in relational databases recording multi-valued facts by
isolating semantically related multiple relationships
NORMALIZATION & DENORMALIZATION
• 6NF - Sixth normal form is intended to decompose relation variables to irreducible
components
• 4NF, 5NF & 6NF are not used frequently in most data models
• Denormalization is the process of retrieving data from normalized database using joints
• Denormalization is a process of moving from highest NF to lowest NF
NORMALIZATION & DENORMALIZATION
ENTITY MODEL RELATIONSHIP
• ER model is an abstract and conceptual representation of data in graphical format
• Relationship is shown from top-down fashion
• Many tools available to create a EMR. Native SQL client tools (SSMS, EM), Erwin, Microsoft
Visio, Toad Data Modeler etc
• Consider the below table

SalesOrderDetail
SalesOrderID SalesOderDetailID CarrierTrackingNumber

43659 6 4911-403C-98

SalesOrderHeader
SalesOrderID OrderDate PurchaseOrderNumber

43659 7/1/2001 12:00:00 AM PO18473189620


For questions you can reach me @ [email protected]

THANKS!

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