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Triangle and Quadrilateral

A triangle is a polygon with three sides, three angles, and three vertices. The three interior angles of any triangle always sum to 180 degrees. Triangles can be classified based on their angle measures as acute, right, or obtuse triangles and based on their side lengths as scalene, isosceles, or equilateral triangles. A quadrilateral is a polygon with four sides, four angles, and four vertices. Common types of quadrilaterals include rectangles, squares, rhombi, parallelograms, trapezoids, and isosceles trapezoids.

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529 views23 pages

Triangle and Quadrilateral

A triangle is a polygon with three sides, three angles, and three vertices. The three interior angles of any triangle always sum to 180 degrees. Triangles can be classified based on their angle measures as acute, right, or obtuse triangles and based on their side lengths as scalene, isosceles, or equilateral triangles. A quadrilateral is a polygon with four sides, four angles, and four vertices. Common types of quadrilaterals include rectangles, squares, rhombi, parallelograms, trapezoids, and isosceles trapezoids.

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Khanim
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© © All Rights Reserved
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ANGLES

WHAT IS A TRIANGLE?
As the name suggests, the triangle is a polygon that has three angles. So, when does a closed
figure has three angles?
 When it has three line segments joined end to end.
 Thus, we can say that a triangle is a polygon, which has three sides, three angles, three vertices
and the sum of all three angles of any triangle equals 1800.
PROPERTIES OF A TRIANGLE
These are the properties of a triangle:
 A triangle has three sides, three angles, and three vertices.
 The sum of all interior angles of a triangle is always equal to
1800. This is called the angle sum property of a triangle.
 The sum of the length of any two sides of a triangle is greater
than the length of the third side.
 The side opposite to the largest angle of a triangle is the
largest side.
 Any exterior angle of the triangle is equal to the sum of its
interior opposite angles. This is called the exterior angle
property of a triangle.
TYPES OF TRIANGLES
ACUTE ANGLE TRIANGLE
  triangle that has all three angles less than 900 is an acute angle triangle.
 So, all the angles of an acute angle triangle are called acute angles
RIGHT-ANGLE TRIANGLE
 A triangle that has one angle that measures exactly 900 is a right-angle triangle.
 The other two angles of a right-angle triangle are acute angles.
 The side opposite to the right angle is the largest side of the triangle and is called the
hypotenuse.
OBTUSE/OBLIQUE ANGLE TRIANGLE
 A triangle that has one angle that measures more than 900 is an obtuse angle
triangle.
CLASSIFICATION OF TRIANGLES
BY LENGTH OF SIDES
Based on the length of the sides, triangles are
classified into three types:
Scalene Triangle
Isosceles Triangle
Equilateral Triangle
SCALENE TRIANGLE
A triangle that has all three sides of different lengths is a scalene triangle.
•Since all the three sides are of different lengths, the three angles will also be
different.
ISOSCELES TRIANGLE
A triangle that has two sides of the same length and the third side of a
different length is an isosceles triangle.
•The angles opposite the equal sides measure the same.
EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE
A triangle which has all the three sides of the same length is an equilateral triangle.
•Since all the three sides are of the same length, all the three angles will also be equal.
•Each interior angle of an equilateral triangle = 600
 The sum of all interior angles of any triangle is equal to 1800.
 The sum of all exterior angles of any triangle is equal to 3600.
 An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its two interior opposite angles.
 The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is always greater than the length of the
third side.
 Similarly, the difference between the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is always less
than the length of the third side.
 The opposite side to the smallest interior angle is the shortest side and vice versa.
 Similarly, the opposite side to the largest interior angle is the longest side and vice versa.
 In the case of a right-angled triangle, this side is called the hypotenuse
EXAMPLES
 In an isosceles triangle DEF, if an interior angle ∠D = 1000 then
what is the value of ∠F?
PROPERTIES
 A quadrilateral has:
 four sides (edges)
 four vertices (corners)
 interior angles that add to 360 degrees:
QUADRILATERALS
 Quadrilateral just means "four sides"
(quad means four, lateral means side).
 A Quadrilateral has four-sides, it is 2-dimensional (a flat shape), closed (the
lines join up), and has straight sides.
 There are special types of quadrilateral: For example:
a square, rhombus and rectangle are also parallelograms.
THE RECTANGLE
 A rectangle is a four-sided shape where every angle is a right angle (90°).
 Also opposite sides are parallel and of equal length.
THE SQUARE
 A square has equal sides (marked "s") and every angle is a right angle (90°)
 Also opposite sides are parallel.
 A square also fits the definition of a rectangle (all angles are 90°), and a rhombus (all sides
are equal length).
THE RHOMBUS
A rhombus is a four-sided shape where all sides have equal length (marked "s").
Also opposite sides are parallel and opposite angles are equal.

Another interesting thing is that the diagonals (dashed lines) meet in the middle at a right
angle. In other words they "bisect" (cut in half) each other at right angles.
A rhombus is sometimes called a rhomb or a diamond.
THE PARALLELOGRAM
 A parallelogram has opposite sides parallel and equal in length. Also opposite angles are equal
(angles "A" are the same, and angles "B" are the same).
 NOTE: Squares, Rectangles and Rhombuses are all Parallelograms!
THE TRAPEZOID (UK:
TRAPEZIUM)
 A trapezoid (called a trapezium in the UK) has a pair of opposite sides parallel.
ISOSCELES TRAPEZOID
 An isosceles trapezoid (isosceles trapezium in British English) is a convex quadrilateral with
a line of symmetry bisecting one pair of opposite sides. It is a special case of a trapezoid.
 The legs are congruent by definition.
 The lower base angles are congruent.
 The upper base angles are congruent.
 The diagonals are congruent.

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