Malwares and Types

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 Malware

1. Malware
2. Usage of Malware
3. Types of Malware
4. How Malware Spreads?
5. How Can You Protect Computer?
6. Symptoms
7. Anti-Malware Program

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 Malware
Malware
•Short for malicious software.
•A is software used or created to disrupt computer
operation, gather sensitive information, or gain
access to private computer systems.
•It can appear in the form of code, scripts, active
content, and other software.
•'Malware' is a general term used to refer to a variety of
forms of hostile, intrusive, or annoying software

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 Malware
Usage of Malware
•Many early infectious programs, including the first
Internet Worm, were written as experiments or pranks.
•Today, malware is used primarily to steal sensitive
personal, financial, or business information for the benefit
of others.
•Malware is sometimes used broadly against government
or corporate websites to gather guarded information, or
to disrupt their operation in general.
•However, malware is often used against individuals to
gain personal information such as social security
numbers, bank or credit card numbers, and so on.

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 Malware
Types of Malware
•Viruses
•Trojan horses
•Worms
•Spyware
•Zombie
•Phishing
•Spam
•Adware
•Ransomware

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 Malware
Types of Malware

Viruses
•A program or piece of code that is loaded onto your
computer without your knowledge and runs against
your wishes.
•Viruses can also replicate themselves.
•All computer viruses are manmade.
•Viruses copy themselves to other disks to spread to
other computers.
•They can be merely annoying or they can be vastly
destructive to your files.

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 Malware
Types of Malware

Viruses
•Examples of computer viruses are:
– Macro virus
– Boot virus
– Logic Bomb virus
– Directory virus
– Resident virus

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 Malware
Types of Malware

Trojan Horses
•A Trojan Horse program has the appearance of having
a useful and desired function.
•A Trojan Horse neither replicates nor copies itself, but
causes damage or compromises the security of the
computer.
•A Trojan Horse must be sent by someone or carried by
another program and may arrive in the form of a joke
program or software of some sort.
•These are often used to capture your logins and passwords.

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 Malware
Types of Malware

Example of Trojan Horses

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 Malware
Types of Malware

Worms
•A computer worm is a self-replicating computer
program.
•It uses a network to send copies of itself to other
nodes (computers on the network) and it may do so
without any user intervention.
•It does not need to attach itself to an existing
program.

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 Malware
Types of Malware

Spyware
•Spyware is a type of malware installed on computers
that collects information about users without their
knowledge.
•The presence of spyware is typically hidden from the
user and can be difficult to detect.
•Spyware programs lurk on your computer to steal
important information, like your passwords and logins
and other personal identification information and then
send it off to someone else.

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 Malware
Types of Malware

Zombie
•Zombie programs take
control of your computer and
use it and its Internet
connection to attack other
computers or networks or to
perform other criminal
activities.

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 Malware
Types of Malware

Phishing
•Phishing (pronounced like the word 'fishing') is a
message that tries to trick you into providing
information like your social security number or bank
account information or logon and password for a web
site.
•The message may claim that if you do not click on the
link in the message and log onto a financial web site
that your account will be blocked, or some other
disaster.

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 Malware
Types of Malware

Phishing

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 Malware
Types of Malware

Spam
•Spam is email that you did not request and do not
want.
•One person's spam is another's useful newsletter or
sale ad.
•Spam is a common way to spread viruses, trojans,
and the like.

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 Malware
Types of Malware

Spam

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 Malware
Types of Malware

Adware
•Adware (short for advertising-supported software) is a
type of malware that automatically delivers
advertisements.
•Common examples of adware include pop-up ads on
websites and advertisements that are displayed by
software.
•Often times software and applications offer “free”
versions that come bundled with adware.

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 Malware
Types of Malware

Adware

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 Malware
Types of Malware

Ransomware
•Ransomware is a form of malware that essentially
holds a computer system captive while demanding a
ransom.
•The malware restricts user access to the computer
either by encrypting files on the hard drive or locking
down the system and displaying messages that are
intended to force the user to pay the malware creator
to remove the restrictions and regain access to their
computer.

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 Malware
How Malware Spreads?
•Malware is a program that must be triggered or
somehow executed before it can infect your computer
system and spread to others.
•Here are some examples on how malware is
distributed:
• Social network
• Pirated software
• Removable media
• Emails
• Websites

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 Malware
Damages

1. Data Loss
•Many viruses and Trojans will attempt to delete files
or wipe hard drives when activated, but even if you
catch the infection early, you may have to delete
infected files.

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 Malware
Damages

2. Account Theft
•Many types of malware include keylogger functions,
designed to steal accounts and passwords from their
targets.
•This can give the malware author access to any of the
user's online accounts, including email servers from
which the hacker can launch new attacks.

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 Malware
Damages

3. Botnets
•Many types of malware also subvert control over the
user's computer, turning it into a "bot" or "zombie."
•Hackers build networks of these commandeered
computers, using their combined processing power for
tasks like cracking password files or sending out bulk
emails.

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 Malware
Damages

4. Financial Losses
•If a hacker gains access to a credit card or bank
account via a keylogger, he can then use that
information to run up charges or drain the account.
•Given the popularity of online banking and bill payment
services, a hacker who manages to secrete a keylogger
on a user's system for a full month may gain access to
the user's entire financial portfolio, allowing him to do as
much damage as possible in a single attack.

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 Malware
How Can You Protect Your Computer?
• Install protection software.
• Practice caution working with files from
when
unknown or questionable sources.
•Do not open e-mail if you do
notrecognize the
sender.
•Download files only from reputable Internet sites.
•Install firewall.
•Scan your hard drive for viruses monthly/weekly.

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 Malware
Symptoms
•Increased CPU usage
•Slow computer or web browser speeds
•Problems connecting to networks
•Freezing or crashing
•Modified or deleted files
•Appearance of strange files, programs, or desktop
icons
•Programs running, turning off, or reconfiguring
themselves (malware will often reconfigure or turn off
antivirus and firewall programs)

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 Malware
Symptoms
•Strange computer behavior
•Emails/messages being sent automatically and
without user’s knowledge (a friend receives a strange
email from you that you did not send)
•There seems to be a lot of network activity when you
are not using the network
•The available memory on your computer is lower than
it should be
•Programs or files appear or disappear without your
knowledge
•File names are changed
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 Malware
Anti-Malware Program
•Anti-Malware program is used to prevent, detect,
and remove computer viruses, worms, trojan horses and
any other type of malware.
•Examples of Anti-Malware program:
– Antivirus program
– Anti-spyware program
– Anti-spam program
– Firewall

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 Malware
Antivirus Program
•“Antivirus" is protective software designed to defend
your computer against malicious software.
•In order to be an effective defense, the antivirus
software needs to run in the background at all times, and
should be kept updated so it recognizes new
versions of malicious software.

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 Malware
Examples of Antivirus Program
•Norton Antivirus
•AVG
•Kaspersky
•Avast!
•PC-Cilin
•McAffee
•Avira

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 Malware
Anti-Spyware Program
•Anti-spyware program is a type of program designed
to prevent and detect unwanted spyware
installations
program and to remove those programs if
installed.
•Examples of Anti-spyware program:
– Spyware Doctor
– AVG Anti-spyware
– STOPzilla
– Spysweeper

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 Malware
Anti-Spam Program
•Anti-spam software to identify useless or
triesdangerous messages for you.

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 Malware
Firewall
•A firewall blocks attempts to access your files over a
network or internet connection.
•That will block incoming attacks.
•Your computer can become infected through shared
disks or even from another computer on the
network.
•So you need to monitor what your computer is
putting out over the network or internet also.

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