Professor Dr. Md.
Ariful Islam
Technology
All the knowledge, products, processes, tools,
methods, and systems employed in the creation of
goods or in providing services
Is the practical implementation of knowledge, a
means of aiding human Endeavour
Technology
It consists of three independent, codetermining and
equally important components (Zeleny, 1986):
- hardware (equipment or machineries)
- software (knowledge to use hardware)
- brainware (know-why; reasons for
using)
There is another element to add: know-how (learned
or acquired knowledge, technical skills)
Engineering vs Technology
Engineering
- is the art of using scientific principles to create new
technology
- is the process of putting things together to get a
desired outcome
Technology
- is engineering that has been proven to work over and
over again
Engineering is a cause & technology is the effect
Technology is always improving due to advances in
Engineering
Classification of technology
New technology (newly introduced)
Emerging technology (new but not fully
commercialized; e.g. genetic engineering,
nanotechnology)
High technology (advanced or sophisticated)
Low technology (that have permitted large
segments of human society)
Classification…
Medium technology: that fall between
high and low technologies (more amenable that
others to technology transfer; e.g. consumer products;
automotive industry)
Appropriate technology: a good match
between the technology utilized and the resources
required for its optimal use (could be of any level-
low, medium or high)
Classification…
Tacit technology: non-articulated knowledge
(non-uniformity in the way it is presented or
expressed to a large group of people; it is harder, less
precise and more time consuming to transfer)
Codified technology: allows people to
know how technology works but not necessarily why it
works in a certain way (e.g. a computer program)
Management of technology
is an interdisciplinary field that integrates science,
engineering and management knowledge and
practice
Managing technology implies managing the systems
that enable:
the creation
acquisition
exploitation
of technology.
The interdisciplinary nature of MOT
Technology generates wealth when it is
commercialized or used to achieve a desired
strategic or operational objective fro an
organization
Factors contributing wealth creation
Technology
Labor
Capital
Natural resources
Market
Public and environmental policy
Dimensions of MOT
National/government level: to
shaping public policy
Organizational/firm level: to the
creation and sustainability of competitive
enterprise
Individual level: to the enhancement of
one’s worth in society
MOT at firm level
MOT is an interdisciplinary field concern with the
planning,
development and
implementation
of technological capabilities to shape and
accomplish
the operational and strategic objectives of
an organization.
National research council (1987)
Impact of MOT on corporation
Research and development
Design
Production
Marketing
Finance
Personnel and
Information
Domains of MOT at firm level
Operational aspects: day-to-day
activities (focusing on short term results)
Strategic interests: productivity,
effectiveness, competitive position etc. (focusing
on long term issues)
MOT at National level
MOT is a field of knowledge
concerned with the setting and implementation of
policies, to deal with
technological development and utilization,
and the impact of technology on
society,
organizations,
individuals and
nature .
MOT aims to..
Stimulate innovation
Create economic growth
Foster responsible use of
technology
MOT
Connects disciplines:
that focus on technology creation
that enable its conversion to wealth
Examines:
how technology is created
how it can be exploited to create
business opportunities
MOT contd…
Examines:
how to use technology to gain
competitive advantage
how technology can improve the
flexibility of manufacturing and service
systems
how to structure organizations that
embrace technological change
when to enter and when to abandon
technology
Core knowledge needed for MOT
Science and Business
Engineering MOT Administration
Disciplines Discipline
Disciplined- Strategic or long- Disciplined-
based term issues based
knowledge relating knowledge
technology
Knowledge on science & engineering
Includes:
Science disciplines
Material technology
Product technology
Production/process technology
Information technology
Environmental technology
Strategic or long-term issues
Include:
Science and technology policy
Process of technological innovations
R & D management
Technological entrepreneurship and new
ventures
Product/process life cycles
Technological forecasting & planning
Technological innovations and strategic planning
Technological transfer
International technological transfer & the role
multinational corporations
….Long term issues…..
Technological risk analysis & assessment
Technology & economic analysis
Technology and human, social and cultural
issues
Training and education issues in management of
technology
Management of technology in manufacturing
industries
Management of technology in service industries
Information technology and other emerging
technology
….long term issues….
Manufacturing marketing and after market
interface
Technological change and organizational structure
Management of technical projects
Financial technology and financial decision making
Quality and productivity issues
Methodologies in management of technology
Eco-efficiency and environmental sustainability
Knowledge on business administration
Accounting
Finance
Management
Marketing
Economics
Business law
Why MOT now?
The pace of technological change
(Nations, industries and individuals must develop
their capabilities)
The change in scope (change in market
behavior with the change in the pace of technology)
Changes in competition
Trade blocks (EU, Pacific Rim, NAFTA, WTO)
