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Septic Arthritis: Melendez - Valdez BSN 3-2

Septic arthritis, also known as infectious arthritis, is a bacterial infection of the joint that causes inflammation and damage. In children, common causes include Kingella kingae, Group B Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus aureus. In adults, Staphylococcus aureus is most common. Risk factors include open wounds, advanced age, diabetes, and joint surgery or replacement. Patients present with a warm, swollen, painful joint and decreased range of motion, along with possible fever and leukocytosis. Diagnosis involves joint fluid analysis and culture via arthrocentesis or joint aspiration. Treatment consists of antibiotics and draining the infected joint fluid.

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Deinielle Magdangal Romero
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48 views17 pages

Septic Arthritis: Melendez - Valdez BSN 3-2

Septic arthritis, also known as infectious arthritis, is a bacterial infection of the joint that causes inflammation and damage. In children, common causes include Kingella kingae, Group B Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus aureus. In adults, Staphylococcus aureus is most common. Risk factors include open wounds, advanced age, diabetes, and joint surgery or replacement. Patients present with a warm, swollen, painful joint and decreased range of motion, along with possible fever and leukocytosis. Diagnosis involves joint fluid analysis and culture via arthrocentesis or joint aspiration. Treatment consists of antibiotics and draining the infected joint fluid.

Uploaded by

Deinielle Magdangal Romero
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SEPTIC

ARTHRITIS
MELENDEZ – VALDEZ
BSN 3-2
WHAT IS
SEPTIC ARTHRITIS?
Septic arthritis also known as infectious arthritis is defined as a
bacterial infection of the joint which causes an intense inflammatory
reaction with migration of polymorph nuclear leukocytes, and
subsequent release of proteolytic enzymes.
This could lead to destruction of the articular cartilage and later the
joint.

Joints can become infected though spread of pathogens from other


parts of the body (hematogenous spread) or directly through trauma
or surgical instrumentation, causing septic arthritis.
ETIOLOGY
Etiology
In Children

Some etiologic agents are associated with specific age groups and underlying medical
conditions.  Kingella kingae is the most common gram-negative bacterial cause in
children younger than 2 to 3 years. Group B Streptococcus, Staphylococcus
aureus, Neisseria gonorrhea, and gram-negative Bacilli are common among
neonates. Neisseria gonorrhea is a concern in sexually active
adolescents.  Salmonella species infection is associated with sickle cell disease. Patients on
prolonged antibiotic therapy are at risk for fungal infections. Puncture wounds and injection
drug use are associated with joint infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The hip joint is
most commonly affected in children.
Etiology

In Adults

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common infecting organism in adults. Streptococcus


pneumonia is less common, but still a significant source of infection in adults. Other special
circumstances are as already described as above (Salmonella in patients with sickle cell,
and Pseudomonas in trauma/puncture wounds). In young sexually active patients,
nontraumatic acute monoarthritis is most frequently caused by Neisseria gonorrhea.
Risk Factors

People with open wounds are higher risk of septic arthritis. In addition, People at
greatest risk include older adults, particularly those older than 80 years; people
with comorbid conditions such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, skin infection, or
alcoholism; and people with history of joint replacement or other joint surgery of
IV drug abuse
CLINICAL
MANIFESTATIONS
Clinical
Manifestations

The patient with acute septic arthritis presents with a warm, painful,
swollen joint associated with decreased range of motion. Systemic
chills, fever and leukocytosis are sometimes present.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
DIAGNOSTIC
PROCEDURES
Diagnostic
Procedures

• Culture of the synovial fluid identifies organisms that can cause infection in your fluid joint.
• Synovial fluid analysis is also helpful to help distinguish crystal arthropathy form infectious
arthritis.
• Joint aspiration is a procedure to remove fluid from the space around a joint using a needle
and syringe. It is usually done under a local anesthetic to relieve swelling and or/ to obtain
fluid for analysis to diagnose a joint disorder or problem.
• Arthrocentesis, this procedure involves a surgical puncture of the joint to draw a sample of
the joint fluid, known as synovial.
• Ultrasonography is more sensitive in detecting effusions, particularly in difficult-to-examine
joints, such as hip
• Computed tomography (CT) and MRI scans may reveal damage to the joint lining.
Radioisotope scanning may be useful in localizing the infectious process.
MEDICAL
MANAGEMENT
Medical
Management

Septic arthritis treatments include using a combination of


powerful antibiotics as well as draining the infected
synovial fluid from the joint. 
Medical
Management

To be continued
THANK YOU !
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon,
infographics & images by Freepik and illustrations by Storyset

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