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Phonetics is the study of speech sounds and their production, transmission, and perception. It has three main branches: articulatory phonetics examines speech sound production; auditory phonetics focuses on speech sound perception; and acoustic phonetics studies speech sound transmission. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) was created to provide a standardized way to transcribe sounds across languages. It distinguishes various speech sounds including consonants, vowels, monophthongs, and diphthongs. Phonetics helps with language learning by improving pronunciation and fluency.

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350 views11 pages

Assignment 2 Coms

Phonetics is the study of speech sounds and their production, transmission, and perception. It has three main branches: articulatory phonetics examines speech sound production; auditory phonetics focuses on speech sound perception; and acoustic phonetics studies speech sound transmission. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) was created to provide a standardized way to transcribe sounds across languages. It distinguishes various speech sounds including consonants, vowels, monophthongs, and diphthongs. Phonetics helps with language learning by improving pronunciation and fluency.

Uploaded by

Ali Zahid
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© © All Rights Reserved
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What is phonetics

Phonetics is the branch of linguistics that deals with the


sounds of speech and their production, transmission,
reception, analysis, combination, description, and
representation by written symbols.

A linguists who specializes in phonetics is known as


a phonetician.

Phonetics falls into three main


types:

• articulatory phonetics
• auditory phonetics
• acoustic phonetics
Articulatory Phonetics
ORGANS that produce sound
Articulatory phonetics is concerned with the physical
mechanisms involved in producing spoken language. A
fundamental goal of articulatory phonetics is to relate
linguistic representations to articulator movements in real
time and the consequent acoustic output that makes
speech a medium for information transfer. Understanding
the overall process requires an appreciation of the
aerodynamic conditions necessary for sound production
and the way that the various parts of the chest, neck, and
head are used to produce speech. Therefore its simply the
study of how human beings produce sound.  
For example, the use of your tongue and lips in producing
the words like moon, stars, flower, pen, and all other
words.
what is articulation

Articulation is the action of producing a sound or


word clearly, in speech or music.
Auditory Phonetics (Perception)
This is the widest of all types of phonetics. This category covers the
most important aspect, perception. After the speaker conveys the
information and the listener hears it, her/his brain functions to
process the information. In simple words, auditory phonetics focuses
on the listener’s understanding and processing of the information
shared with them. Like, when your teacher explains a topic in class
and you are able to understand it after listening to them. This example
comes under Auditory Phonetics.

Acoustic Phonetics (Transmission)


Acoustic Phonetics focuses on the study of transmission of
sounds from the speaker to the listener. That is when the
speaker says something, how the sound waves travel from
the speaker’s speech organs to the listener’s ears. The
study of this process of transmission comes under Acoustic
Phonetics. For example, when your mom calls for you from
another room. The sound waves travel from another room
to yours.
The Importance Of Phonetics In Language Learning
The importance of phonetics in language learning
Phonetics is the study of speech-sounds or, from a practical
point of view, the art of pronunciation. Without it, we
can’t neither observe nor record how we pronounce the
different words that we use every day in our native
language and others languages. However, with the
increased emphasis on the communicative aspect of
language teaching, teachers have to search new ways of
improving the pronunciation with other language skills.
The study of phonetics is important to master a foreign
language; it’s a tool that helps the students to understand
the basics notions of intonation and pronunciation. 

3 Reasons Why Everyone Should Learn


Phonetics
1. Makes you a professional( speaking without
mumbling)at speaking
2. Improves your fluency and accent
3. Helps in inducing a reading habit
Phonology
Phonology
Phonology is typically defined as “the study of speech
sounds of a language or languages, and the laws governing
them

Phonology is typically defined as “the study of speech sounds


Phonology
of a language or languages, and the laws governing them
Difference between phonetics and phonology
Phonology studies the ways in which speech sounds Phonetics studies the nature of speech sounds:
form systems and patterns: • their production by the vocal tract (articulatory
•the relationship between how sounds are pronounced phonetics)
and how they are stored in the mind • their perception by the auditory system
•which phonetic distinctions are significant enough to (auditory phonetics)
signal differences in meaning • their physical properties as sound waves
•the ways sounds are organized within words (acoustic phonetics)
 
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
The IPA was first published in 1888 by the Association
Phonétique International (International Phonetic
Association), a group of French language teachers founded
by Paul Passy. The aim of the organization was to devise a
system for transcribing the sounds of speech which was
independent of any particular language and applicable to
all languages.
A phonetic script for English created in 1847 by Isaac
Pitman and Henry Ellis was used as a model for the IPA
One aim of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) was
to provide a unique symbol for each distinctive sound in a
language—that is, every sound, that serves to distinguish
one word from another.
The IPA primarily uses Roman characters. Other letters are
borrowed from different scripts (e.g., Greek) and are
modified to conform to Roman style. Diacritics are used for
fine distinctions in sounds and to show nasalization of
vowels, length, stress, and tones.
There are 26 letters of the alphabet for reading and writing
whereas there are 44 sounds for listening and speaking.
Uses
•The IPA is used in dictionaries to indicate the pronunciation of words.
•The IPA has often been used as a basis for creating new writing systems for previously unwritten languages.
•The IPA is used in some foreign language text books and phrase books to transcribe the sounds of languages
which are written with non-latin alphabets. It is also used by non-native speakers of English when learning to
speak English.

IPA Consist of 44 sounds:

• 12 monothongs
• 8 diphthongs
• 24 consonant sounds
Monophthong
A monophthong is a pure vowel sound, one whose
articulation at both beginning and end is relatively fixed, and
which does not glide up or down towards a new position of
articulation. The monophthongs can be contrasted with
diphthongs, where the vowel quality changes within the same
syllable, and hiatus, where two vowels are next to each other
in different syllables.
monophthong shows that a vowel is spoken with
exactly one tone and one mouth position. For example,
when you say "teeth", then while you are creating the
sound of the "ee", nothing changes for that sound.

Diphthongs
A diphthong is a sound made by combining two vowels,
specifically when it starts as one vowel sound and goes to
another, like the oy sound in oil.
Examples: slow, moan, though
Consonants
A consonant is a letter of the alphabet that represents a basic speech sound
produced by obstructing the breath in the vocal tract. All the letters in the
alphabet apart from A, E, I, O, and U (called vowels) are known as
consonants.
•For examples T is pronounced using the tongue (front part)
•K is pronounced using the tongue (back part)
•B is pronounced with the lips
•H is pronounced in the throat
•F is pronounced by forcing air through a narrow gap
•M is pronounced using the nasal passage
Vowels
The letters A, E, I, O, and U are called vowels. A vowel is classified as "a
speech sound produced by a comparatively open configuration of the
vocal tract, with vibration of the vocal cords but without audible friction".
So what? Well, using this definition, the letter Y in words
like hymn and shy is also a vowel. However, in words like beyond and yes,
Y is a consonant because the breath is partly obstructed.

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