The Resolute

Propagandist Abdicates
Leadership
Rizal seeks Justice for his Family
 While Rizal was in Madrid, he exhausted all
available legal remedies to seek justice for his
family and the farmers in Calamba.
 Associacion Hispano-Filipino – where he sought
assistance
 He made used of the liberal newspapers to
ventilate the grievances of his family and the
oppressed tenants in his hometown.
Señor Fabie – then Minister of Colonies
 Where Rizal sought audience with the help of
Marcelo H. Del Pilar (who acted as his lawyer)
and Dominador Gomez (secretary of the
Associacion).
 Nothing came out with the interview.

Ferdinand Blumentritt – came to learn of

Rizal’s dilemma.
 ProddedRizal to bring the case to the Queen
Regent Maria Cristina of Spain.
Rizal considered Blumentritt’s plan
but he had no financial logistics and
influential friends in Madrid who
had access to the Queen.
Death of JOMAPA
JoseMaria Panganiban
The talented co-worker in the
Propaganda Movement.
A hero from Camarines
Norte.
When Rizal heard about his death, he
wrote a eulogy for him.
In the said eulogy, he praised
Panganiban for his extraordinary talent,
intelligence and industry.
Aborted Duel with Antonio Luna
 In August of 1890, Rizal
attended a social reunion of
Filipinos in Madrid.
 Antonio Luna became
intoxicated with alcohol
 He was bitter because of his
frustrated romance with Nellie
Boustead.
Deep in his heart, he blamed Rizal for his
failure to win Nellie’s heart.
In a lot of occasions, Rizal expressed to
Luna that he had nothing to do with it.
Because of Luna’s alcohol-befogged
mind he uttered nasty comments about
Nellie and this caused Rizal’s
challenging Luna for a duel.
In one of his articles, he wrote about the
ejection of the Rizal family and relatives
from the lands that they were tilling for
their failure to pay their annual rent to
the Dominican friars.
Rizal was insulted in it and challenged
Retana to vindicate the good name of
Rizal’s family and friends.
Retana published a retraction and
apologies in the newspapers.
They became friends later because
Retana developed a great
admiration to Rizal.
He even wrote the first book-
length biography of Rizal.
Leonor Rivera got Married
Teatro Apollo – where the expatriates and Rizal
watched a play and also where he lost his gold
watch chain with a locket containing the picture
of Leonor Rivera.
Rizal received a letter from Leonor Rivera in
1890 telling him that she will be married to
Charles Henry Kipping, an Englishman and
engineer and the man whom her mother chose to
be her husband.
Ferdinand Blumentritt – tried to
make Rizal realized that Leonor
was not the woman for him.
Rizal-Del Pilar Rivalry

Jose Rizal Marcelo H. del Pilar

Jose Rizal was the undisputed leader of the
Filipino expatriates in Europe
However, his idealism is something that is
unacceptable to his fellow reformers because
instead of following him they prefer to:
 Gamble
 Drink
 Flirt with women
Marcelo H. Del Pilar – was the only Rival
of Rizal for leadership in the reform
movement.
Modern in his concept of political ability,
belief in organization as well as his efficient
and skillful employment of mass propagation
methods,
He is an epitome of a modern politician,
lawyer, journalist and civic leaders.
The editorial policy of the La Solidaridad
under del Pilar’s management enhanced the
problem between Rizal and del Pilar.
To avert the break-up between the two
leaders, the Filipinos in Madrid, numbering
to about 90 met on January 1, 1891, to patch
up the differences and to intensify the
campaign for reform.
It was decided that they will have a leader
called Responsible.
He will direct the affairs of the Filipino
community and to determine the editorial
policy of the La Solidaridad.
Del Pilar opposed the proposition that the La
Solidaridad be placed under the control of the
Responsible because it was a private
enterprise.
His opposition was agreed, thus placing
the La Solidaridad under the Responsible
was abandoned.
It was agreed that the Responsible should
be elected by two-thirds vote of the
community.
Contenders: Rizal vs. del Pilar
Rizalistas vs. Pilaristas
Rizal abdicates leadership
Jose Rizal was annoyed by the situation and
walked out to prevent the further division of
the Filipino community.
Marcelo H. Del Pilar directed Mariano Ponce,
Rizal’s friend to convinced the Pilaristas to
vote for Rizal.
Rizal was elected but he did not accept the
position because in the first place the election
was already an insult on his part.
According to Rizal, a leader should be
recognized and accepted on the basis of merits
and readiness to serve.
Marcelo H. del Pilar – took over the post left
by Rizal.
 He was a better politician because he possessed the
qualities necessary to succeed in politics:
cautiousness in making commitment, discretion in
taking advantage of an opportunity, skillfulness in
moving people in action.
Juan Zulueta – was commissioned to
reconcile the two on the issue.
Marcelo H. del Pilar – took the
initiative to convince Rizal not to
leave Madrid
Jose Rizal – already made his decision
Romance with Nellie Bousted
 Rizal arrived in Biarritz – a
resort city on the fabulous
French Riviera, in the early part
of February 1891.
 Here Rizal stayed with the
Bousteads.
 Nellie Bousted – an epitome of a
real Filipina, virtuous, highly
intelligent and full of life.
Rizal was even convinced by his friends in
marrying her.
Even Antonio Luna gave his go signal in
their love affair.
Unfortunately the love story did not
materialized because:
Rizal did not gave up his Catholic faith
because Nellie was a Protestant.
Nellie’s mother did not like Rizal for a son-in-
law.
El Filibusterismo Finished in Biarritz
Frustrated with his romance, Rizal
found consolation in writing.
On March 29, 1891, the eve of Rizal’s
departure from Biarritz to Paris, he
finished the manuscript of El
Filibusterismo.
To Paris and Back to Brussels
 He bade farewell to the hospitable and friendly
Bousteads on March 20, 1891 and proceeded to Paris
by train.
 From Paris, he wrote to his friend Jose Ma. Basa, in
Hong Kong, expressing his desire to go to his place
and practice ophthalmology in order to earn his living.
 He even told Jose Ma. Basa to advance him the
amount for the first class steamer ticket from Europe
to Hong Kong.
Retirement from Propaganda
Movement
 Since he abdicated from his leadership in Madrid,
in January of 1891, owing to the intrigues of his
compatriots, Rizal retired from the Propaganda
Movement.
 He desired to publish his second novel, to practice
medicine and when he became financially
independent, he expected to make a more vigorous
campaign for his country’s redemption.
From Brussels, he notified the Propaganda
authorities in Manila to cancel his monthly
allowance and devote the money to some
better cause, such as the education of a young
Filipino student in Europe. This notification
was given to Deodato Arellano whose
pseudonym was A.L. Lorena.
Rizal stopped writing for the La
Solidaridad
 Simultaneous to his retirement from the Propaganda
was his ceased in writing for the La Solidaridad.
 Many of his friends in Spain urged him to continue
writing.
 Del Pilar himself realized the need for Rizal’s
collaboration wrote Rizal begging forgiveness for
any resentment and requesting him to resume writing
for the La Solidaridad.
Rizal wrote to del Pilar denying any
resentment and told him that he
wanted to:
work for his second novel
Let other Filipinos there to work also
There should be unity in the community
Revising the El Filibusterismo for
Publication
In Brussels, Rizal worked day after
day to finished his manuscript.
May 30, 1891 – when he finished the
revisions on his manuscript.