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Lesson 3 USes and Core Function in Epidemiology

The document discusses the core functions and uses of epidemiology. It outlines six core epidemiology functions: 1) public health surveillance to monitor disease patterns, 2) field investigations to identify causes of outbreaks, 3) analytic studies using various epidemiological study designs, 4) evaluation of public health programs and their impact, 5) linkages between different organizations and professionals, and 6) policy development based on epidemiological evidence. It also describes four main uses of epidemiology: 1) assessing community health, 2) informing individual decisions, 3) completing clinical pictures of diseases, and 4) searching for disease causes.

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Santosh Kumar
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353 views17 pages

Lesson 3 USes and Core Function in Epidemiology

The document discusses the core functions and uses of epidemiology. It outlines six core epidemiology functions: 1) public health surveillance to monitor disease patterns, 2) field investigations to identify causes of outbreaks, 3) analytic studies using various epidemiological study designs, 4) evaluation of public health programs and their impact, 5) linkages between different organizations and professionals, and 6) policy development based on epidemiological evidence. It also describes four main uses of epidemiology: 1) assessing community health, 2) informing individual decisions, 3) completing clinical pictures of diseases, and 4) searching for disease causes.

Uploaded by

Santosh Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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N 3: US E S A ND C O RE

LESSO
I O N O F EP ID EM IO LO G Y
FUNCT
CONTENT OUTLINE
• CORE EPIDEMIOLOGIC FUNCTIONS
• USES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
• PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE
• ASSESING COMMUNITIES HEALTH
• FIELD INVESTIGATION
• MAKING INDIVIDUAL DECISION
• ANALYTIC STUDIES
• COMPLETING CLINICAL PICTURE
• EVALUATION
• SEARCHING FOR CAUSE
• LINKAGES
• POLICY DEVELOPMENT
O G Y
IO L
ID EM
F EP
E S O
U S
USES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

• ASSESSING THE COMMUNITY'S HEALTH


• Uses relevant source of data
• For more detailed data: health service’s availability, accessibility, effectivity and efficiency must be
included in the data to be collected and analyzed.
USES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
• MAKING INDIVIDUAL DECISION
• In 1950’s epidemiologist reported that there is an increased risk of lung cancer among smoker
• Individuals’ response: quit smoking
• In 1970’s epidemiologist documented the role of exercise and proper diet in reducing the risk for heart attack.
• Individuals’ response: climb the stairs rather than wait for elevator or eat vegetable salad rather than eating cheese
burger.
• In mid – 1980’s epidemiologist identified the risk of hiv infection associated with certain sexual or drug –
related behaviors
• Individuals’ response: decision to use condoms
USES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
• COMPLETING CLINICAL PICTURE
• During an investigation of a certain outbreak, epidemiologist rely on health care providers and
laboratorians to establish proper diagnosis of individual patient.
• EMS
• On the other hand, epidemiologist contribute to the physicians understanding of the clinical picture of
the Disease.
• SARS
• EPIDEMIOLOGY HAS BEEN INSTRUMENTAL IN CHARACTERIZING MANY NON – ACUTE DISEASES.
• LUNG CANCER
USES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
• SEARCHING FOR CAUSE
• Epidemiology often provides information to support effective action.
• Epidemiologist + laboratory scientist converges to provide the evidence needed to establish causation.
• Epidemiologist were able to identify a variety of risk factor during an outbreak of pneumonia among person attending
the American legion convention in Philadelphia in 1976, (legionnaires’ bacillus was identified after 6 months.
O F
T IO N
U N C Y
R E F L O G
C O M IO
ID E
E P
Policy
Public Health Development
Surveillance

CORE FUNCTION
OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
Field
Linkages
Investigation

Analytic
Evaluation
Studies
CORE FUNCTIONS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

• PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE


• It is an ongoing, systematic collection, analysis,
interpretation and dissemination of health data to help
guide public health decision making and action.
• “Information for action”
• Purpose of PHS: portray the ongoing patterns of disease
occurrence and disease potential so that investigation,
control and prevention measures can be applied efficiently
and effectively.
CORE FUNCTIONS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

• FIELD INVESTIGATION
• It requires coordinated efforts of dozens of people to characterized the extent of
epidemic and identify its cause.
• Through investigation many source or vehicle of infection can be identified and given Symbol of EIS
action to prevent or eradicate in the community.
• The objective of an investigation may simply be to learn more about the natural history,
clinical spectrum, descriptive epidemiology and risk factors of the disease before
determining what disease intervention method might be appropriate
CORE FUNCTIONS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

• ANALYTIC STUDIES
• Employs more difficult methods where methods are used in combination.
• It includes
• Descriptive epidemiology approach
• Calculation of rates
• Identification of parts of the population at risk than others.
• Analytic epidemiologic study is the use of a valid comparison group.
• Design
• Conduct
• Analysis
• Interpretation
CORE FUNCTIONS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

• EVALUATION
• It is the process of determining, as systematically and objectively as possible the relevance, effectiveness,
efficiency and impact of activities with respect to established goals.
• Effectiveness – refers to the ability of the program to produce the intended or expected result in the field
• Efficiency – refers to the ability of the program to produce the intended result within the minimum expenditures of time and
resources.

• Evaluation is focused on the following aspect


• Plan
• Operations
• Impact
CORE FUNCTIONS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

• LINKAGE
• Manpower
• In the field or office epidemiologist play a role in making linkages intact and wide.
• “Team sport”
• Creating collaborators and collaborations within local or international scene
CORE FUNCTIONS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

• POLICY DEVELOPMENT
• they are responsible for insights to create policy, ordinance and law within the specific community.
• The law makers
MAKE A REFLECRION OF TODAY’S LESSON
TE
QOU
ING
ART
P

END of LESSON 2

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