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Multi-Dimensional Arrays

This document discusses multi-dimensional arrays in C++. It explains that multi-dimensional arrays allow the declaration of arrays with more than one dimension, such as int array[5][10][4] for a 3D array. Two-dimensional arrays are described as lists of one-dimensional arrays, with elements accessed using two indices like array[i][j]. Examples are given for initializing, accessing, and iterating over elements of a 2D array.

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221 views9 pages

Multi-Dimensional Arrays

This document discusses multi-dimensional arrays in C++. It explains that multi-dimensional arrays allow the declaration of arrays with more than one dimension, such as int array[5][10][4] for a 3D array. Two-dimensional arrays are described as lists of one-dimensional arrays, with elements accessed using two indices like array[i][j]. Examples are given for initializing, accessing, and iterating over elements of a 2D array.

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Sharmaine Gatchalian Bonifacio
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CSC 211

Data Structures and


Algorithms

Array Data Structure


• Multi Dimensional Array
Multi-dimensional Arrays

C++ allows multidimensional arrays. Here is the


general form of a multidimensional array declaration −

type name[size1][size2]...[sizeN];

For example, the following declaration creates a three


dimensional 5 . 10 . 4 integer array −

int threedim[5][10][4];

Ref. : https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_multi_dimensional_arrays.htm
Two-Dimensional Arrays
The simplest form of the multidimensional array is the
two-dimensional array. A two-dimensional array is, in
essence, a list of one-dimensional arrays. To declare a
two-dimensional integer array of size x,y, you would write
something as follows −

type arrayName [ x ][ y ];

Where type can be any valid C++ data type


and arrayName will be a valid C++ identifier.

Ref. : https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_multi_dimensional_arrays.htm
Initializing Two-Dimensional Arrays

Multidimensioned arrays may be initialized by


specifying bracketed values for each row. Following is
an array with 3 rows and each row have 4 columns.

int a[3][4] = {
{0, 1, 2, 3} , /* initializers for row indexed by 0 */
{4, 5, 6, 7} , /* initializers for row indexed by 1 */
{8, 9, 10, 11} /* initializers for row indexed by 2
*/ };

Ref. : https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_multi_dimensional_arrays.htm
A two-dimensional array can be think as a table, which
will have x number of rows and y number of columns.
A 2-dimensional array a, which contains three rows
and four columns can be shown as below −

Thus, every element in array a is identified by an


element name of the form a[ i ][ j ], where a is the
name of the array, and i and j are the subscripts that
uniquely identify each element in a.
Ref. : https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_multi_dimensional_arrays.htm
The nested braces, which indicate the intended row, are
optional. The following initialization is equivalent to
previous example −

int a[3][4] = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11};

Ref. : https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_multi_dimensional_arrays.htm
Accessing Two-Dimensional Array Elements

An element in 2-dimensional array is accessed by


using the subscripts,
i.e., row index and column index of the array.
For example −

int val = a[2][3];

The above statement will take 4th element from the


3rd row of the array. You can verify it in the above
digram.

Ref. : https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_multi_dimensional_arrays.htm
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
// an array with 5 rows and 2 columns.
int a[5][2] = { {0,0}, {1,2}, {2,4}, {3,6},{4,8}};
// output each array element's value
for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++ )
for ( int j = 0; j < 2; j++ )
{
cout << "a[" << i << "][" << j << "]: ";
cout << a[i][j]<< endl;
}
return 0;
}

Ref. : https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_multi_dimensional_arrays.htm
When the code is compiled and executed, it produces the
following result −
a[0][0]:0
a[0][1]: 0
a[1][0]: 1
a[1][1]: 2
a[2][0]: 2
a[2][1]: 4
a[3][0]: 3
a[3][1]: 6
a[4][0]: 4
a[4][1]: 8

Ref. : https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_multi_dimensional_arrays.htm

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