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Illustration of Limit Theorems

This document outlines 8 theorems on limits: 1) The limit of a constant is itself 2) The limit of x as it approaches c is equal to c 3) The limit of a multiple of a function is the multiple of the limit 4) The limit of a sum is the sum of the limits 5) The limit of a product is the product of the limits 6) The limit of a quotient is the quotient of the limits if the denominator does not equal 0 7) The limit of an integer power is that power of the limit 8) The limit of a root is the root of the limit if the root is real Examples are provided for each theorem.

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Robert Clavo
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6K views28 pages

Illustration of Limit Theorems

This document outlines 8 theorems on limits: 1) The limit of a constant is itself 2) The limit of x as it approaches c is equal to c 3) The limit of a multiple of a function is the multiple of the limit 4) The limit of a sum is the sum of the limits 5) The limit of a product is the product of the limits 6) The limit of a quotient is the quotient of the limits if the denominator does not equal 0 7) The limit of an integer power is that power of the limit 8) The limit of a root is the root of the limit if the root is real Examples are provided for each theorem.

Uploaded by

Robert Clavo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Illustration of

Limit Theorems
• We are now ready to list down the basic
theorems on limits. We will state eight
theorems.
• These will enable us to directly evaluate
limits, without need for a table or a graph.
• In the following statements, c is a
constant, and f and g are functions which
may or may not have c in their domains.
1. The limit of a constant is itself. If k is any
constant, then,
 
•  For example
2. The limit of x as x approaches c is equal to
c. This may be thought of as the substitution
law, because x is simply substituted by c.
 
•  For example
•For
  the remaining theorems, we will assume that
the limits of f and g both exist as x
approaches c and that they are L and M,
respectively. In other words,
3. The Constant Multiple Theorem: This
says that the limit of a multiple of a function
is simply that multiple of the limit of the
function.
 
•  For example, if , then
4. The Addition Theorem: This says that the limit of a sum
of functions is the sum of the limits of the individual
functions. Subtraction is also included in this law, that is,
the limit of a difference of functions is the difference of
their limits.
 
•  For example, if , and then,
EXERCISES
• 1. Complete the following table.
•2. Assume
  the following:

Compute the following limits


5. The Multiplication Theorem: This is similar to the Addition
Theorem, with multiplication replacing addition as the operation
involved. Thus, the limit of a product of functions is equal to the
product of their limits.
 
•   if , and then,
Again,

Remark 1: The Addition and Multiplication Theorems may be applied


to sums, differences, and products of more than two functions.
Remark 2: The Constant Multiple Theorem is a special case of the
Multiplication Theorem. Indeed, in the Multiplication Theorem, if the
first function f(x) is replaced by a constant k, the result is the Constant
Multiple Theorem.
6. The Division Theorem: This says that the limit of
a quotient of functions is equal to the quotient of
the limits of the individual functions, provided the
denominator limit is not equal to 0.
 
•For  example
1. If and
•2.  If and

3. If and , it is not possible to evaluate, or we may say


that the limit DNE.
7. The Power Theorem: This theorem states that
the limit of an integer power p of a function is just
that power of the limit of the function.

 
•For  example
1. If

2. If
8. The Radical/Root Theorem: This theorem states that if
n is a positive integer, the limit of the nth root of a
function is just the nth root of the limit of the function,
provided the nth root of the limit is a real number. Thus,
it is important to keep in mind that if n is even, the limit
of the function must be positive.
 
•1. If
 

2. If , then it is not possible to evaluate because then, and this is


not a real number
LIMITS OF
ALGEBRAIC
FUNCTIONS
Determine
 
•  
 
Determine
•  
Determine
 
•  
Evaluate
 
•  
Evaluate
 
Evaluate
 
•  
 
Evaluate
•  
Evaluate
 
•  
Evaluate
 
Evaluate
 
INDETERMINATE
 
FORM
•  
A limit that is indeterminate of type may
exist. To find the actual value, one should
find an expression equivalent to the
original. This is commonly done by
factoring or by rationalizing. Hopefully, the
expression that will emerge after factoring
or rationalizing will have a computable
limit.
Evaluate
 

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