SS.
T PROJECT
DONE BY GRADE-9
TOPIC – HISTORY CH-3
Nazism and the Rise of Hitler
The World War - II
The Second World War was the most destructive event of
modern times and the first time when nuclear weapons were
used .
The warring countries were divided into two military alliances –
The Allied Powers
The Axis Powers
The allied powers were led by The United States , The United
Kingdom and France .
The Axis powers were led by Germany , Italy and Japan .
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler or commonly called Hitler was a German politician and
leader of the Nazi Party . His actual name was Der Fuhrer . He
was born on 20 April 1889 in Austria . He became the chancellor
of Germany in 1933 after a democratic election in 1932 . He
became the leader of Germany in 1934. Hitler became the leader
of the Nazi Party [NSDAP] from 1921 .
Hitler had a determination to make Germany into a mighty power
and his ambition of conquering all of Europe . Hitler didn’t like the
Jews and used to kill them or treat them inferior .
On May 1945 , Germany surrendered to the allies . Anticipating
what was ahead of them Hitler , his propaganda minister and
Goebbels and his entire family committed suicide together in the
Berlin Bunker in the month of April .
The Nazis and the Jews
1. The greatest enemy of Nazism was not, in Hitler’s view,
liberal democracy in Germany, which was already on the
verge of collapse
2. It was the rival Weltanschauung, Marxism (which for him
embraced social democracy as well as communism), with its
insistence on internationalism and economic conflict.
3. Beyond Marxism he believed the greatest enemy of all to
be the Jew, who was for Hitler the incarnation of evil. There is
debate among historians as to when anti-Semitism became
Hitler’s deepest and strongest conviction.
4. As early as 1919 he wrote, “Rational anti-Semitism must
lead to systematic legal opposition. Its final objective must be
the removal of the Jews altogether.” In Mein Kampf, he
described the Jew as the “destroyer of culture,” “a parasite
within the nation,” and “a menace.
HITLER DURING THE WORLD WAR II
Germany defeated and occupied Poland
(attacked in September 1939), Denmark
(April 1940), Norway (April 1940),
Belgium (May 1940), the Netherlands
(May 1940), Luxembourg (May 1940),
France (May 1940), Yugoslavia (April
1941), and Greece (April 1941).
1.1 THE EFFECTS OF WAR
The entire continent was devastated by the war both
psychologically and financially. The war of guilt and
national humiliation was carried by the republic and
was financially crippled by being forced to pay
compensation. Socialists, Catholics and Democrats,
supported the Weimar Republic and they were
mockingly called the ‘November criminals’. The First
World War left a deep imprint on European society
and polity. Soldiers are placed above civilians but
unfortunately, soldiers lived a miserable life.
Democracy was a young and fragile idea, which could
not survive the instabilities of interwar Europe.
POLITICAL RADICALISM AND
ECONOMIC CRISES
The Weimar Republic birth coincided with the
revolutionary uprising of the Spartacist League on the
pattern of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. They
crushed the uprising with the help of a war veterans
organisation called Free Corps. Communists and
Socialists became enemies. Political radicalisation
heightened by the economic crisis of 1923. Germany
refused to pay, and the French occupied its leading
industrial area, Ruhr, to claim their coal. The image of
Germans carrying cartloads of currency notes to buy a
loaf of bread was widely publicised evoking worldwide
sympathy. This crisis came to be known as hyperinflation,
a situation when prices rise phenomenally high.
THE YEARS OF
DEPRWSSION
The years between 1924 and 1928 saw some stability. The
support of short-term loans was withdrawn when the Wall Street
Exchange crashed in 1929. Great Economic Depression started
and over the next three years, between 1929 and 1932, the
national income of the USA fell by half. The economy of
Germany was the worst hit. Workers became jobless and went
on streets with placards saying, ‘Willing to do any work’. Youth
indulged themselves in criminal activities. The middle class and
small businessmen were filled with the fear of proletarianisation,
anxiety of being reduced to the ranks of the working class or
unemployment. Politically also the Weimar Republic was fragile.
The Weimar constitution due to some inherent defects made it
unstable and vulnerable to dictatorship. One inherent defect was
proportional representation. Another defect was Article 48, which
gave the President the powers to impose emergency, suspend
civil rights and rule by decree.
This is the photo of Hitler The flag of European army
called Nazism
Hitler ruling map
Part-2
HITLER’S RISE TO POWER
Hitler was born in Austria in1889.
He earned many medals for bravery in the First World War.
The German defeat horrified him.
The Treaty of Versailles made him furious.
He joined the German Workers Party and renamed it
National Socialist German Workers Party.
This later came to be known as the Nazi Party. ●
Nazism became a mass movement only during
the Great Depression.
The Nazi propaganda stirred hopes of a better
future.
Hitler was a powerful and effective speaker. ● He
promised the people a strong nation where all
would get employment.
His politics included the significant rituals and
spectacle in mass mobilization.
He used the Swastika symbol, red banners,
pamphlets and ritualized rounds of applause to
great effect during his massive rallies.
Nazi propaganda skilfully projected Hitler as a
messiah, a savoir.
THE DESTRUCTION OF DEMOCRACY
On 30 January 1933,Hitler was offered the
Chancellorship by president Hindenburg.
Hitler achieved the highest position in the cabinet
of ministries on 30 January 1933.
The Fire Decree of 28 February 1933 suspended
civic rights like freedom of speech, press and
assembly.
ADOLF HITLER WITH PRESIDENT
PRESIDENT HINDENBURG HINDENBURG
Communists were hurriedly packed off to newly
established concentration camps.
All political parties were banned. Special
surveillance and security forces were created to
control the people and rule with impunity.
The famous Enabling Act was passed on 3 March
1933.
This Act gave all powers to Hitler and established
dictatorship in Germany.
POLICE FORCES
Strom troopers Gestapo (Secret Police)
SS police
The regular police in green uniform and the SA or
the Storm Troopers were the existing police
forces.
Additional police forces were also raised; the
Gestapo [secret state police],the SS[the protection
squad],criminal police and the Security Service
[SD].
RECONSTRUCTION
Economist Hjalmar
Schacht was given the
responsibility of
economic recovery.
He initiated a state-
funded work-creation
programme to ensure
full production and full
employment.
The famous Autobahn and Volkswagen
were the results of this of this period.
He aimed at full production and full
employment through a state-funded work
creation programme.
Hitler pulled out of the league of Nations in
1933.
Reoccupied the Rhineland in 1936. ●
Integrated Austria and Germany in 1938 under
the slogan: One people, one empire, one
leader.
He then took Sudetenland from
Czechoslovakia.
Hitler had the unspoken support of England.
He chose war as a way out of the Economic
Crisis.
Resources were to be accumulated through
expansion of territory.
In September 1940 Germany invaded Poland.
This started a war with France and England.
USA resisted involvement in the war
But when Japan extended its support to
Hitler and bombarded pearl harbour, the
USA entered the war.
The war ended in1945 with Hitler’s
defeat and the US bombing of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan.
Part-3
The Nazi Worldview
The Jewish Symbol The Nazi Symbol
NAZI’s IDEOLOGY
1. According to Nazi’s there was no equality among people. People
were arranged on the basis of races. Blue eyed German Aryans on
top, mix colored people in the middle and Jews on lowest.
2. Hitler followed the policies of racism of Charles Darwin and
Herbert Spencer. Charles Darwin explained the concept of
evolution of plants and animals and Herbert Spencer told about the
survival of the fittest.
3. Nazi’s believed on theme “strongest race would survive and weak
would destroy” therefore for Nazis Aryans were stronger race
therefore placed on top.
4. Nazis also believed in the concept of Lebensraum i.e. living space.
They believed in annexing the other territories for living. This new
land can be used by people to live and provide resources to nation.
3.1 Establishment of the racial
state
• The Nazis began creating an exclusive racial community of pure
Germans by physically eliminating those who were considered
undesirable.
• They wanted a society of pure and healthy Nordic Aryans.
• Jews, Gypsies, blacks, Russians, Poles even certain Germans and
abnormal were considered undesirable.
• Jews were the worst sufferers in Nazi Germany.
• Hitler believed in pseudoscientific theories of the race, which held
that conversion was no solution to ‘the Jewish problem’. It had to
solved only through their total elimination.
From 1933-1938 – the Nazis terrorized, pauperized
and segregated the Jews, compelling them to leave
the country.
The next phase, 1939-1945, aimed at concentrating them in
certain areas and then killing them in gas chambers in
Poland.
3.2 The racial Utopia
• Genocide and war became two sides of the
same coin.
• Occupied Poland was divided.
• Poles were forced to leave their homes and
properties behind to be occupied by ethnic
Germans brought in from occupied Europe.
Part-4:- Youth in Nazi Germany
Hitler was fanatically interested in youth of the country.
Strong Nazi society.
Teaching Nazi ideology to child. - What happened in
schools under Nazism?
All schools were cleansed and purified. - “Undesirable
children” were thrown out of schools.
Finally in 1940s, they were taken to the gas chambers.
“Good German” children's were subjected to a
process of Nazi schooling, a prolonged period
ideological training. School textbooks were
rewritten.
Racial science was introduced to justify Nazi idea
of race.
Hitler's believed that boxing could make children
iron hearted, strong and masculine.
Youth organizations were made responsible for
educating German youth in the ‘the sprit of
national socialisms’. Ten years old had to enter
Jungvolk.
At 14, all boys had to join the Nazi youth
organisation Hitler youth Where they learned to
workship war, glorify aggression and violence,
condemn democracy, ans hate Jews, communist,
gypsies and all those categorised as ‘undesirable’.
After a period of rigours ideological and physical
training they joined the labour service, usually at
the age of 18.
Then they has to serve in the armed forces and
enter one of the Nazi Organisation.
The youth league of the Nazis was founded in
1922.
Junkvolk
Classrooms during Nazism
Jewish teacher and Jewish pupils
Jewish children arriving at a death
The Nazi cult of motherhood
Children in Nazi Germany were repeatedly told that
women were radically different from men.
The fight for equal rights for men and women that had
become part of democratic struggles everywhere was
wrong and it would destroy society. While boys were
taught to be aggressive, masculine and steel hearted,
girls were told that they had to become good mothers
and rear pure-blooded Aryan children.
In 1933 Hitler said: ‘In my state the mother is the most
important citizen.’ But in Nazi Germany all mothers
were not treated equally.
Women who bore racially undesirable children
were punished and those who produced racially
desirable children were awarded.
They were given favoured treatment in hospitals
and were also entitled to concessions in shops
and on theatre tickets and railway fares.
To encourage women to produce many children,
Honour Crosses were awarded. A bronze cross
was given for four children, silver for six and gold
for eight or more.
All ‘Aryan’ women who deviated from the
prescribed code of conduct were publicly
condemned, and severely punished
who maintained contact with Jews, Poles and
Russians were paraded through the town with
shaved heads, blackened faces and placards
hanging around their necks announcing ‘I have
sullied the honour of the nation’.
The Art of propaganda
The Nazi regime used language and media with care, and
often to great effect.
The terms they coined to describe their various practices
are not only deceptive.
Mass killings were termed special treatment, final solution
(for the Jews), euthanasia (for the disabled), selection and
disinfections. ‘Evacuation’ meant deporting people to gas
chambers.
Media was carefully used to win support for the regime
and popularise its worldview
Nazi ideas were spread through visual images,
films, radio, posters, catchy slogans and leaflets.
In posters, groups identified as the ‘enemies’ of
Germans were stereotyped, mocked, abused and
described as evil.
Socialists and liberals were represented as weak
and degenerate. They were attacked as malicious
foreign agents.
Propaganda films were made to create hatred for
Jews. The most infamous film was The Eternal
Jew.
They were referred to as vermin, rats and pests.
Their movements were compared to those of
rodents. Nazism worked on the minds of the
people, tapped their emotions, and turned their
hatred and anger at those marked as
‘undesirable’.
The Nazis made equal efforts to appeal to all the
different sections of the population. They sought to
win their support by suggesting that Nazis alone
could solve all their problems.
A Nazi poster attacking Jews
