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Sequence & Series: Term of GEOMETRIC Progressions

The document discusses key concepts regarding geometric progressions including: 1) A geometric progression has a constant ratio between consecutive terms called the common ratio. 2) The formula for the nth term is an = a1rn-1 where a1 is the first term and r is the common ratio. 3) Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating terms and solving problems involving geometric progressions.

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Gyanendra Pandey
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55 views18 pages

Sequence & Series: Term of GEOMETRIC Progressions

The document discusses key concepts regarding geometric progressions including: 1) A geometric progression has a constant ratio between consecutive terms called the common ratio. 2) The formula for the nth term is an = a1rn-1 where a1 is the first term and r is the common ratio. 3) Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating terms and solving problems involving geometric progressions.

Uploaded by

Gyanendra Pandey
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

th

term of GEOMETRIC
TOPIC n SEQUENCE & SERIES
PROGRESSIONS

CLASS
XIth

TIME&DATE
12 MINS & 27/12/2010

PRESENTED BY G.P.PANDEY,KV TULI


NAGALAND (SILCHAR)
1,3,5,7,9,………………………..
Is this an A.P.?

2,4,8,16,32,64,…………………..
Is this an A.P.?

5,25,125,625,…………………..
Is this an A.P.?
1, 4, 7, 10, 13 35 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 62
9, 1,  7,  15 12 9,  3, 1,  1/ 3 20 / 3
6.2, 6.6, 7, 7.4 27.2 1, 1/ 4, 1/16, 1/ 64 85 / 64
,   3,   6 3  9 , 2.5, 6.25 9.75
Arithmetic Sequences Geometric Sequences

ADD MULTIPLY
To get next term To get next term
 A sequence of non zero numbers is
called a geometric progression if the
ratio of a term and the term proceeding
to it is always a constant quantity.

 The constant ratio is called the common


ratio of G.P.

 an+1 / an = r (constant) for all n being


natural number
 e.g. 3,32,33,34,35,36,………..
1 2 22 23 24 25 26 27

28 29 210 211 212 213 214 215

216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223

224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231

263
In the language of computers…
Let us consider a G.P. with non-zero term a and common ratio r.

Ist term a1 = a=ar1-1


IInd term a2 = ar=ar2-1
IIIrd term a3= a2.r=ar.r=ar2=ar3-1
…………………………………………and so on

nth term an =arn-1


FORMULA

a1  First term
an  nth term
n  number of terms
Sn  sum of n terms
r  common ratio

nth term of geometric sequence  an  a1r n1


 
a1 r n  1 
sum of n terms of geometric sequence  Sn   
r 1
Find the next three terms of 2, 3, 9/2, ___, ___, ___

3 – 2 ≠ 9/2 – 3… not arithmetic

3 9/2 3
  1.5  geometric  r 
2 3 2

9 9 3 9 3 3 9 3 3 3
2, 3, ,  ,   ,   
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

9 27 81 243
2, 3, , , ,
2 4 8 16
1 2
If a1  , r  , find a9 .
2 3
a1  First term 1/2

x
an  nth term
n  number of terms 9

r  common ratio 2/3

an  a1r n1
9 1
 1 2 
x    
 2  3 
28 27 128
x  8 
23 8
3 6561
Find a9 of 2, 2, 2 2,...

a1  First term 2
an  nth term x

n  number of terms 9

r  common ratio 2 2 2
r   2
2 2
an  a1r n1

 2
9 1
x 2

 2
8
x 2
x  16 2
If a5  32 2 and r   2, find a 2
____, ____, ____,____,32 2

a1  First term x

an  nth term 32 2
n  number of terms 5

r  common ratio
 2
an  a1r n1

 
5 1
32 2  x  2

 
4
32 2  x  2
32 2  4x
8 2x
Find 12th term of a G.P. whose 8th term is 192 & the
common ratio is 2.

Find 4th term of a G.P. from last whose last term is


192 & the common ratio is 2.

Find 7th term of a G.P. whose 4th term is square of


its second term & the first term is -3.
 if all the terms of a G.P. be multiplied or
divided by the same non-zero constant , then
it remains a G.P.with the same common
ratio.
 If each term of a G.P. be raised to a same
power ,the resulting sequence also forms a
G.P.
 In a finite G.P.the product of the terms
equidistant from the beginning and the end
is always same and is equal to the product of
the first and last term.
 Three non-zero numbers ,a,b,c are in G.P. iff
b2= ac .
 If the terms of a given G.P. are chosen at regular
intervals, then the new sequence so formed also
forms a G.P.
 If a1,a2,a3,a4,….,an,……is a G.P. of non zero non
negative terms, then log a1,log a2,log a3,log a4,
….,log an,…… is an A.P. and vice versa.. The
reciprocals of the terms of a given G.P. form a
G.P.
 if A and G are respectively arithmetic and
geometric means between two positive
numbers a and b, then A > G.

 a and b are the roots of x2- 2Ax + G2 .

 a and b are equal to A ± √ (A2-G2 )


No. of Terms Common
terms difference

3. a/r,a,ar r

4. a/r3,a/r,ar,ar3 r2

5. a/r2,a/r,a,ar,ar2 r

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