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Introduction To Electronics: Dr. Lory Liza D. Bulay-Og

This document provides an introduction to an electronics course. It outlines 5 principles that will guide the course: focusing on conceptual understanding over details; taking a top-down approach; emphasizing confidence over ignorance; blending formal teaching with practical work; and emphasizing fewer concepts to allow deeper learning. The course objectives are then listed, covering electrical signals, components, circuits, energy, power, amplification, analog/digital signals, and basic digital building blocks. Key concepts like electric current, voltage, simple circuits, and the generalized power law definition of voltage are then briefly introduced.

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Lory Liza Bulay-og
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94 views24 pages

Introduction To Electronics: Dr. Lory Liza D. Bulay-Og

This document provides an introduction to an electronics course. It outlines 5 principles that will guide the course: focusing on conceptual understanding over details; taking a top-down approach; emphasizing confidence over ignorance; blending formal teaching with practical work; and emphasizing fewer concepts to allow deeper learning. The course objectives are then listed, covering electrical signals, components, circuits, energy, power, amplification, analog/digital signals, and basic digital building blocks. Key concepts like electric current, voltage, simple circuits, and the generalized power law definition of voltage are then briefly introduced.

Uploaded by

Lory Liza Bulay-og
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to

Electronics
Dr. Lory Liza D. Bulay-og
Professional Electronic Engineer
Associate Prof, USTP, CDOC Philippines
Research Fellow , University of Surrey, England
Hello!

Courtesy of Illinois University, ECE Department


principle on which we will design this
course.
1. Less is more
more.
– taking material out will result in students learning

2. Concept with rigour – focus on conceptual understanding instead of


details, but at the same time not loosing rigour. Focus
on fundamentals.
3. Top-down, not bottom-up – where possible go from system level
view to component view where possible.
4. Confidence not ignorance – bring about student’s confidence on electronics.
Know what you know, but even more important, know what you
don’t know!
5. Formal teaching vs problem based learning – blending together
practical laboratory and project work with the course materials taught
formally in lectures.
“
Electronic Engineering:
numerous inseparable focus areas
Course Objectives:
By the end of the course the students should have learned and
understood:
1. Electrical signals in terms of voltages and currents
2. Measurements of electrical signals
3. Basic electronics components;
a) passive devices, (i.e.resistors, capacitors and inductors)
b) active devices, (semi-conductors)
4. Voltages and Currents in electrical circuits
5. Electrical Energy and Power
6. Amplification of Electrical Signals (Amplifiers)
7. Analog vs Digital Signals
8. Basic digital electronic building blocks (logic gates,
microprocessors, micro-controllers)
Electric Current
Electric current is the total charge that passes through some cross-
sectional area A per unit time. This cross- sectional area is most
frequently a slice through a solid material, such as a conductor
(wire).
  1𝐶
1 𝐴=
1𝑠
express 1 A in terns of electrons per second:

  𝐴= 1𝐶 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑠
1 ∗
1𝑠 − 1 .602 𝑥 10
− 19
𝐶

1  𝐴=− 6 . 24 𝑥 1018 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑠/ 𝑠


Voltage

Note: Voltage is also referred to as potential difference or just potential. But we


don’t usually use these terms because it might confuse with potential energy.
Sample simple circuits:
+ Simple Flashlight circuit
Definition of Volt & Generalizd Power Law
+ come
We
  now to a formal definition of the volt—the unit of measure of voltage.
Using the relationship between voltage and potential energy difference,

thus, we define volt;


(Energy definition)
Explanation:
Two points with a voltage of 1 V between them have enough “pressure” to perform 1 J
worth of work while moving 1 C worth of charge between the points.
Example:
+ an ideal 1.5- V battery is capable of moving 1 C of charge through a circuit
while performing 1.5 J worth of work.
+ Another way to define a volt is in terms of power, which happens to
be more useful in electronics.
+ Power represents how much energy per second goes into powering a
circuit. According to the conservation of energy, we can say the
power used to drive a circuit must equal the power used by the
circuit to do useful work plus the power wasted, as in the case of
heat.
+ Assuming that a single electron loses all its potential energy from
going through a circuit from negative to positive terminal, we say,
for the sake of argument, that all this energy must have been
converted to work—useful and wasted (heat).
+ By definition, power is mathematically expressed as dW/dt.
+ If we substitute the potential energy expression U = Vq for W, assuming the
voltage is constant (e.g., battery voltage), we get the following:

Since we know that current I = dq/dt, we can substitute this into the preceding
expression to get:

This is referred to as the generalized power law


Generalized Power Law
+ This law is incredibly powerful, and it provides a general result, one that is
independent of type of material and of the nature of the charge movement.
+ The unit of this electrical power is watts (W), with 1 W = 1 J/s, or in terms of
volts and amps, 1 W = 1 VA.

+ In terms of power, then, the volt is defined as:

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