GRAPHICS AND MULTIMEDIA

PRESENTED BY: RONALYN BARROGO

 INTRODUCTION
An image on a computer screen is made of tiny dots of white,
black, or color which are arranged in rows. These tiny dots are
called pixels. The pictures, words, and numbers we see on the
screen are pattern of pixel produced by software.
Painting software such as paintbrush and ClarisWorks allows
us to paint pixels on the screen by using pointing devices.
These pointing devices are input devices like the keyboards,
mouse, trackball, light pen, or joystick, translating the pointer
movements into lines and patterns on the screen. A pointing
program offers many tools on screen. Some tools emulate
real- world painting tools. Line and shape are used to draw
lines, ovals, rectangles, and other shapes on the screen. Air
brusher and spray cans, can produce special shading effects in
particular area of drawing.
There are editing tools also to be used for erasing, rotating, or
magnifying a particular object in a drawing before it is printed on
paper. Painting programs produce bit- mapped graphics (BMP). BMP
is a picture that shows simple maps on how the pixels is presented on
the screen. The resolution is the density of the pixels, usually
expressed dots per inch (dpi). If the computer we use has a high
resolution monitor and video card capabilities, painting software and
other bit- mapped image editing software can even be used to edit
photographic images and pictures.
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
• A photograph captured or taken by a
digital camera is a bit- mapped
image. Digital image software allow
us to modify and manipulate
photographs and other images. We
can use painting tools similar to
those we can find from paint
software.
• By using this kind of software, the
photographers can easily remove
unwanted reflections, rush way facial
blemishes, and eliminate a red- eye
effect on the pictures.
DRAWING SOFTWARE
• Drawing software stores drawing as collection of lines and
shapes. A drawing software stores text as text and shape as
shape. Drawing tools are similar to pointing tools used in paint
software.

• Drawing software such as Adobe Illustrator and Aldus

Freehand are using PostScript to store image. PostScript is a
standard page- description language for describing text
illustrations, fonts and other elements of the printed image.
PostScript is built into laser printers. That is why laser printer
follows and understand PostScript instructions in printing the
image. Desktop publishing software is also using PostScript
standard. Bit- mapped image editing software helps artist
photographers, and editors to modify and manipulate
textures and shading of an image or picture with unsurpassed
control and capability.
PRESENTATION GRAPHICS SOFTWARE
• Presentation graphics software is developed to computerized the
designing of visual aids for seminars, training sessions, sales
presentation, and product demonstration. This software includes
animation, spread sheet charts, and video editing. Microsoft
PowerPoint is one of the best examples of this software category.
3- DIMENSIONAL MODELING SOFTWARE (3D)
A 3-D modeling software designer can design three dimensional object using tool
similar to those found in drawing software. The designed object can be rotated or
viewed from different angles. The designer can “ walk- through” a 3-D environment
before it can be built in reality. Architects can use 3-D modeling software to design
and walk- through with the modelled buildings before they are constructed.
Modern televisions and movies special effect involve combinations of simulated 3-D
animation actual live action.
 CAD / CAM SOFTWARE
• Computer- aided design (CAD) is the use of computers to design or draw a
products. CAD software allows designer and engineers to design a product on
screen in three- dimensional model. This model can have physical characteristics,
volume, weight, and height. It can be viewed from any angle and can be rotated
in different angle.
 THE HYPERCARD
• The HyperCard is a combination of database, painting graphics, and programming
language software in one package. A hypercard document might contain
graphics, text, animation, sound, video clips, and numbers. A stack is a hypercard
document that is based on the concept of a stack of index cards.
• Each screen can contain command buttons that respond to mouse clicks or key
presses. Clicking on a command button will transport us to another screen. This
screen can be the next or previous screen. HyperCard buttons can be
programmed to play music, launch other software applications, perform
messages and a lot more tasks.
DEFINING MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia is a term used in describing a
computer technology that combines
graphics. Text, video, voice, music, sound,
and animation effects to communicate with
the users.

Multimedia is heavily applied in show

business. The entertainment professionals
use computers to design animated
sequence, construct special video effects,
edit sound tracks, synthesize music, and
coordinate communication and other tasks
in producing modern motion pictures in
movies and television programs. Whatever
we watch on TV or in movies, whether
cartoons or actions, we are enjoying the
benefits of multimedia technology.
SIMPLE INPUT/ OUTPUT STATEMENT
(Formulate your own equation worded problem)
•In  this case, we are presented with the worded problems without any
formula given. Using our background in basic mathematics, we can
come up with our self- constructed formulas. Some involves
conversion or derivation of formulas we had already encountered or
learned before. For example, we are given a task to draw a flowchart
that computes the radius of a circle. Let us try it now. Since the
formula of the area of a circle is

The programming expression that is equivalent to this formula (which

at first seems complicated) is r= sqrt (A/Pi) where sqrt is a standard
mathematical function that can be found in most of the programming
languages. You could observe that is easy to convert a mathematical
expression into its equivalent programming expression, like this one.
What you have to do is to research and practice. When this practice
becomes a habit, eventually perfection can be attained. As what the
saying goes “practice makes perfect”. In spite of what the realist
believes and always advocate that there is no such thing as perfect in
reality. Well if not perfect, at least nearer to it.
ARTIFICIAL INTELIGENCE AND
INFORMATION SYSTEM
“Try not to be a man of success, but a man of value.”
- Albert Einstein
The computer scientists and engineers are devoting
too much time and effort in making computers to
reason, perceive and act like human beings. In spite of
its ambitious and near to impossible goals, the study
of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has produced impressive
results. This study resulted to the inventions of robots,
electronic chess players, expert systems and
computers that can communicate in human language
(though limitedly).
AI DEFINED
• Artificial Intelligence is the study of how to make
computers do things what the human beings can
do. Other computer scientist defined AI as the
study of computations that makes it possible to
perceive, reason and act like we do. There are two
approaches to AI.
• First approach is a attempt to use computers to
emulate human mental processes.
• The second approach involves on designing
intelligent machines that are independent from
how the people think. This approach considers
that human intelligence is just one possible kind of
intelligence. The methods or procedures on how
the machine solve the problems might be different
from the methods used by human, but not less
intelligent
COMPUTERIZED LANGUAGE TRANSLATION
• An AI project known as automatic translator was
researched and designed as an attempt to develop
software that could translate a language into another
language.
• A parser (a parsing program) would analyze the structure
of a sentence and identify each word according to whether
it was a verb, a subject, or other part of speech. Another
program would look up to each other in a translation
dictionary and substitute the appropriate word.
• After spending 15 years and millions of dollars in Research
and Development (R&D) fund the team of computer
scientist abandoned the project.
• The computers have so much trouble in understanding and
translating natural language such as English language.
An expert system is a software program
designed to emulate the decision- making
process of a human expert. The foundation
of every expert system is a knowledge- base
representing ideas from a specific field of
expertise. An expert person who has great
amount of knowledge and skills on a
particular field of study or profession.
Obviously, expert systems derive their
knowledge and capabilities from the experts.
A knowledge- base represents knowledge
form if- then else rules. Along with the
knowledge- base, a complete expert system
includes inference engine which puts the
user input together with the knowledge-
base, apply logical principles, and produces
the requested expert advice.
 FEW REAL- WORLD EXAMPLES OF EXPERT
SYSTEMS USED BY THE COMPANIES TODAY:
• Blue Cross Insurance company in the United States.

• Boeing Corporation

• The Microsoft Corporation

 THE ADVANTAGES OF EXPERT SYSTEM

• The expert system can reduce the number of

human errors, provide expertise when experts are
not available and make knowledge available to
more people. It can also help train new employees,
preserve knowledge of experts after those
experts leave the company and take care of
routine- tasks so that all workers can concentrate
on jobs that need human interactions and
understanding.
 PATTERN RECOGNITION
• Pattern recognition involves
identifying recurring patterns in input
data with the goal of categorizing or
understanding the data. The
application of pattern recognition
includes face identification, hand
writing recognition and fingerprint
identification. Other application
includes weather forecasting,
automatic voice recognition,
surveillance, satellite data analysis,
robot vision, biological slide analysis,
and other data analysis.
 IMAGE ANALYSIS
• The image analysis is the process of identifying shapes and
objects in an image, picture, drawing, or video. This image
analysis is applied in piloting cruises missiles, and colorizing
old motion pictures. AI was successful in image analysis
software invention for optical character recognition (OCR).
OCR is commonly used in shopping malls. Sales clerk and
cashiers are using wand readers to recognize numbers and
words when they input purchases on the Point Of Sales
(POS) terminals.
• The OCR scans the image of the page into the memory of
the computer using scanner, fax modem, or digital camera.
The OCR software identifies and locates printed characters
in images or pictures. Pattern recognition technology is
widely used in fingerprint analysis. These benefits had
enabled law- enforcers to easily track and capture criminals
and put them behind bars. See, computer had made our life
even better, and safer. What we have to do id to consider its
positive side, rather than to focus on its negative side.
 SPEECH RECOGNITION SOFTWARE
• Like OCR software, the speech recognition
software applied pattern recognition technique.
Many Macintosh (Apple) computers feature Plain
Talk software that recognizes speech or voice. We
can simply command our computer such as; Open
my e-mail or read my e-mail. And the computer will
follow are command through our voice. However,
it is very difficult for the computer to understand
our voice considering the limitation and
complexity of how we express it. Like the way we
pronounce the words we speak. The other way
around is easier for the computer to speak in
English than to recognize it.
 NEURAL NETWORKS
• The human brain consists of billions of neutrons. They are
connected to each other in massively distributed and parallel
structure. The idea of parallel computing technology was
inspired by the human brain’s structure. A neutral network is
a distributed and parallel computing system that uses a
network of a few thousand simpler processor called
neutrons.
• A neutral network learns patterns by trial and error like our
brain learns, that is why when patterns are often repeated, it
develops a habit to recognize it. The neutral network can still
function even if some of its neurons are destroyed, because
it distributes knowledge throughout the network. The
application of this technology is useful for recognizing
patterns in scientific research that analyze a large volume of
numbers, stock market analysis and bank’s loan processing.
 THE ROBOTICS TECHNOLOGY
• The robots today are computer- controlled machines that are
designed to perform specific and routinary manual tasks. The
microprocessor embedded in the robot’s body is functionally
identical to the central processing unit (CPU) we can find in a
personal computer (PC). We send our command to its arms,
joints, and other moving parts.
• The robots have sensing devices to modify or correct their
actions based on feedback from the outside world. The
application of robots is useful in car manufacturing and other
companies that have routinary tasks to perform. The robots
can be used to pick up an integrated circuit (IC), to see
infrared light, or draw pictures. Robots are ideal for jobs that
are dangerous for human to accomplish such as picking up
hazardous waste, cleaning rooms that are high in radiation.
And even searching land mines. Hundreds of robots today
are doing welding, part fitting, guiding a herd of sheeps, and
perform skull drilling for brain surgeons.
 APPLICATION OF SIMPLE IF- ELSE CONDITIONAL
STATEMENTS & DECISION SYMBOLS
• Computer has the capability to make choices and decides logical decision based on some
conditions. Sometimes, this topic of flowcharting and programming is referred as
selection control structure, because it involves selection of two or more choices and
decide based on a given condition. In this conditional statement, there is a conditional
test to be performed by the computer to determine what course of action to be taken.
The conditional test produces either a true (yes) or false (no) value.
1. The image on a computer screen is made of tiny dots of white, black, or color which are arranged in rows is
called ______?
2. It is a combination of database, painting graphics, and programming language software in one package.
3. A photograph captured or taken by a digital camera is a ____________?
4. It allow us to modify and manipulate photographs and other images.
5. is a term used in describing a computer technology that combines graphics.
6. This software is developed to computerized the designing of visual aids for seminars, training sessions,
sales presentation, and product demonstration.
7. The ______ have sensing devices to modify or correct their actions based on feedback from the outside
world.
8. It involves identifying recurring patterns in input data with the goal of categorizing or understanding the
data.
9. It is the process of identifying shapes and objects in an image, picture, drawing, or video.
10. The _________ scans the image of the page into the memory of the computer using scanner, fax modem,
or digital camera.