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Gravimetric

1. A gravimetric analysis is an analytical chemistry technique that determines the amount of analyte in a sample through measurements of mass. It involves quantitatively converting the analyte into a compound with known composition through precipitation or volatilization reactions, then weighing the resulting precipitate or collected gases. 2. There are two main types of gravimetric analysis - precipitation and volatilization. In precipitation, the analyte is converted to an insoluble salt through reactions with specific reagents. The precipitate is then filtered, washed, dried and weighed. In volatilization, the analyte or its decomposition products are vaporized at high temperatures and the gases collected and weighed. 3. Factors

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148 views13 pages

Gravimetric

1. A gravimetric analysis is an analytical chemistry technique that determines the amount of analyte in a sample through measurements of mass. It involves quantitatively converting the analyte into a compound with known composition through precipitation or volatilization reactions, then weighing the resulting precipitate or collected gases. 2. There are two main types of gravimetric analysis - precipitation and volatilization. In precipitation, the analyte is converted to an insoluble salt through reactions with specific reagents. The precipitate is then filtered, washed, dried and weighed. In volatilization, the analyte or its decomposition products are vaporized at high temperatures and the gases collected and weighed. 3. Factors

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Kevin Ramiro
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GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS

CHEMISTRY

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS

GRAVIMETRIC VOLUMETRIC
ANALYSIS ANALYSIS
GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS

A gravimetric analysis (also known as gravimetry) is an


analytical method that uses only measurements of mass and
information on reaction stoichiometry to determine the
amount of an analyte in a sample.
TWO TYPES

Precipitation Method Volatilization Method

filtered
anaylte or its decomposition
products are volatilized at a
washed free of suitable temperature.
impurities

converted to a product of collected and


known composition by weighed
suitable heat treatment

weighed
Uses of Gravimetric Method

 For chemical analysis of ores and industrial materials

 Calibration of instrumentation

 Element analysis of inorganic compounds


Properties of Precipitation and Precipitating Reaction

 Specific reagents – rare and react only with a single chemical species.

 Selective reagents – common, react with a limited number of species.

Desired characteristics of a precipitate for gravimetric analysis:

 Pure (no co-precipitates)


 Very low solubility

 Easy to filter
 High molar mass
Factors determining Particle Size

the rate at
which
reactant reactants are
precipitate solubility temperature
concentrations mixed
Particle Size and Filterability of Precipitates

 Relative Supersaturation = (Q-s)/s

 Q – concentration of the solute at any instant

 S – solubility at equilibrium

How do precipitates form?

Nucleation
(1st stage)

Crystal
growth (2nd Aggregate growth(3rd
stage) stage)
Impurities in Precipitates

 Coprecipitation

 It is the phenomenon in which otherwise soluble


compounds are removed from solution during precipitate
formation

 Occurs to some degree of in every gravimetric analysis

 Is the application of an unwanted species along with your


analyte of interest
TYPES OF COPRECIPITATION

1. Surface Adsorption

 Major source of contamination in coagulated colloids, but is of no significance in crystalline


precipitates. Unwanted material is adsorbed onto the surface of the precipitate

2. Mixed-Crystal Contamination/ Inclusion

 Type of coprecipitation in which a contaminant ion replaces an


ion in the lattice of a crystal

3. Occlusion / Mechanical Entrapment

 Compound is trapped within a pocket formed during rapid


crystal growth
SAMPLE PROBLEM

A 0.4550 g solid mixture containing CaSO4 is dissolved in water and treated with an excess of Ba(NO3)2,
resulting in the precipitation of 0.6168 g of BaSO4. What percentage of the mixture was CaSO4?

SOLUTION:

CaSO4 (aq) + Ba(NO3)2(aq)  BaSO4(s) +


Ca(NO3)2(aq)
   
0.6168 g BaSO4 x = 0.002643 mol

0.002643 mol BaSO4 = 0.002643 mol CaSO4


 
 
0.002643 mol CaSO4 x = 0.3598 g

 
%=
Copper Sulfate crystal contains water. When the crystal is heated water is removed. 5.2 g of
copper sulfate is heated to completely remove water and the remaining was 3.3 g of white crystal.
What is the percentage composition of water in hydrated copper sulfate?

SOLUTION:

mcrystal = mCuSO4 + m H2O   %=

mcrystal = 5.2 g
= 37 %
mCuSO4 = 3.3 g

mH20 = mcrystal – mCuSO4

mH2O = 1.9 g
ASSIGNMENT:
SOLVE THE FOLLOWING. WRITE YOUR SOLUTION IN A SHORT BOND
PAPER. PLEASE TURN IN YOUR WORK IN ÄSSIGNMENT NO.2 .
SUBMISSION: NEXT MEETING

1. A 0.4000 g sample containing only NaCl and BaCl2 yielded 0.8415 g of dried AgCl. Calculate the mass percent of
each compound in the sample.

2. In the analysis of 0.7011 g of an impure chloride containing sample, 0.9805 g of AgCl were
precipitated. What is the percentage by mass chloride in the sample?

3. What is the concentration of HBr solution when 50.00 mL is titrated with 41.88 mL of 0.176 M KOH?

4. What mass of AgI can be produced from a 0.240 g samples tha assays 30.6 % MgI 2?

5. How many grams of Zn(OH)2 are produced when 350 mL of 0.152 M of ZnSO4 is mixed with 250 mL of 0.275 M
of LiOH?

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