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To History: Prepared By: Ms. Stephanie Jean A. Obayan

This document provides an introduction to history, including definitions of history and historiography. It discusses the types of valid historical documents and sources of history such as government records, personal letters, and primary versus secondary sources. Methods of historical analysis are presented, including external and internal criticism. Examples of deception in Philippine history are given, such as the hoax Code of Kalantiaw and Ferdinand Marcos' false claims of being a WWII soldier. Historians' role in interpreting facts and events from the past is also outlined.

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206 views29 pages

To History: Prepared By: Ms. Stephanie Jean A. Obayan

This document provides an introduction to history, including definitions of history and historiography. It discusses the types of valid historical documents and sources of history such as government records, personal letters, and primary versus secondary sources. Methods of historical analysis are presented, including external and internal criticism. Examples of deception in Philippine history are given, such as the hoax Code of Kalantiaw and Ferdinand Marcos' false claims of being a WWII soldier. Historians' role in interpreting facts and events from the past is also outlined.

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Hatamosa Hyacinth
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION

TO HISTORY
PREPARED BY: MS. STEPHANIE JEAN A.
OBAYAN
DEFINITION OF HISTORY
►Derived from the Greek word “
historia “ which means “ knowledge
acquired through inquiry or
investigation “
►Also known as the study of the past.
DEFINITION OF HISTORY
►The account of the past of a person
or a group of people through
written documents and historical
evidence.
►Also focused on writing about wars,
revolutions, and other important
breakthroughs.
SOME VALID HISTORICAL
DOCUMENTS
►Government Records
►Chronicle’s Accounts
►Personal Letters
►Receipts, etc.
1

2
3 4
DISCRIMINATION IN THE
VALIDITY OF HISTORY
►Restricting historical evidence as
exclusively written is a discrimination
against other social classes who were
not recorded in paper.
►Others got their historical documents
burned or destroyed in the events of
war or colonization.
HISTORIOGRAPHY

►Is the history of history


►How historians have studied
and developed history including
its sources, techniques, and
theoretical approaches.
HISTORIOGRAPHY
►It should not be confused with History because
History is the study of the past, the events that
happened in the past.
►Focuses on how certain historical text was
written;
►Who wrote it;
►What was the context of its publication; what
historical method was employed;
►What sources were used.
POSITIVISM
►Historians were required to
show written primary documents
(as an evident) in order to write
a particular historical narrative.
►This emerged between the 18th
and 19th Century.
POST-COLONIALISM
►This emerged in the early 20th
Century.
►Formerly colonized nations
grappled in creating identity and
understanding their societies
under their colonial past.
POST-COLONIALISM
►TWO THINGS IN WRITING
HISTORY:
►Express the history of their nation
that highlights their identity
without the colonial discourse and
knowledge.
► Criticize the methods, effects,
and idea of colonialism.
HISTORY
AND THE
HISTORIAN
HISTORY AND THE HISTORIAN
►Historians not just seek historical
events and facts but also interpret
them.
►Historians give meaning to these
facts.
►Historians organize them into
timeline, establish causes, and
write history.
HISTORICAL METHODOLOGY

►Techniques and rules


that Historians follow to
properly utilize sources
and historical evidences
in writing history.
VISUAL RECORDS
►Literature
►Sports
►Visual arts
►Performing arts
►Cultural dance; folk dances
HISTORICAL SOURCES
►TWO CLASSIFICATION
►Primary Sources
►Secondary Sources
PRIMARY SOURCES
►Are those sources produced that have
witnessed the event, period, that took place
or have been part of the incident being
studied.
PRIMARY SOURCES
►EXAMPLE: (COMMONWEALTH 1935)
►Minutes
►Newspaper clippings
►Records
►Photographs
►Eyewitness(es)
►Written records: narratives, manuscripts, public
documents, letters, diaries
►Fossils, and artifacts
SECONDARY SOURCES
►Have not been part of the
event being considered
►Sources produced by an
author who used primary
sources to produce the
material.
SECONDARY SOURCES
►EXAMPLES:
►Magazines
►Newspaper
►Pamphlets
►Typescripts
►Articles written about the primary sources
►Phil. Revolution 1935 Teodoro Agoncillo’s Revolt
of the Masses 1956
HISTORICAL SOURCES

►When examining a source,


the historian must conduct:
►(A.) External Criticism
►(B.) Internal Criticism
EXTERNAL CRITICISM
►Examines the physical
characteristics;
►Consistency with the historical
characteristic of the time when it
was produced;
►The materials used for the
evidence.
INTERNAL CRITICISM
►Examines the truthfulness and factuality of
the evidence.
►Looks at the content of the source.
►Examines the circumstance of its
production.
►Could be done by looking at the author, its
context, agenda, the purpose behind its
creation
DECEPTION CASES IN
PHILIPPINE HISTORY
►Hoax Code of Kalantiaw
►Ferdinand Marcos as
WWII Soldier
HOAX CODE OF
KALANTIAW
►The code was a set of rules contained
in an epic MARAGTAS which was
allegedly written by DATU KALANTIAW.
►The document was sold to National
Library and was regarded as an
important precolonial document.
HOAX CODE OF
KALANTIAW
►In 1968, an American historian
William Henry Scott debunked the
authenticity of the code due to
lack of evidence to prove that the
code existed in precolonial
Philippine society.
FERDINAND MARCOS AS
WORLD WAR II SOLDIER
►This was widely believed by students
of history and Marcos had war medals
to show.
►This claim was disproven when
HISTORIAN counterchecked Marcos’s
claims with the war records of the
United States.

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