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123 views17 pagesSignals & Systems: Dr. Ranjeet Kumar
This document discusses different types of systems. It describes continuous-time and discrete-time systems, and classifies systems based on whether they operate on continuous or discrete signals. It also categorizes systems based on their characteristics, such as whether they have memory (static or dynamic), are causal or non-causal, linear or non-linear, time-variant or time-invariant, and stable or unstable. Examples are provided to illustrate each of these different system classifications. The document is a lecture on signals and systems that defines key concepts for understanding different system properties.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
123 views17 pagesSignals & Systems: Dr. Ranjeet Kumar
This document discusses different types of systems. It describes continuous-time and discrete-time systems, and classifies systems based on whether they operate on continuous or discrete signals. It also categorizes systems based on their characteristics, such as whether they have memory (static or dynamic), are causal or non-causal, linear or non-linear, time-variant or time-invariant, and stable or unstable. Examples are provided to illustrate each of these different system classifications. The document is a lecture on signals and systems that defines key concepts for understanding different system properties.
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MANSI BHARDWAJCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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SIGNALS & SYSTEMS
DR. RANJEET KUMAR
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, SENSE, VIT UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI
ECE1004-SIGNALS & SYSTEM/G2-FS-2020-21 DR. RANJEET KUMAR
MODULE-2 : SYSTEMS CONCEPTS
CONTINUOUS-TIME AND DISCRETE-TIME SYSTEMS
ECE1004-SIGNALS & SYSTEM/G2-FS-2020-21 DR. RANJEET KUMAR
INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM
A system is a physical device/program/software
that generates a response or output signal for an
input signal
Example:
Speaker recognition system
Communication system
Aircraft landing system etc.,
ECE1004-SIGNALS & SYSTEM/G2-FS-2020-21 DR. RANJEET KUMAR
SYSTEM REPRESENTATION
ECE1004-SIGNALS & SYSTEM/G2-FS-2020-21 DR. RANJEET KUMAR
CLASSIFICATION – BASED ON INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
Continuous time(CT) system
A CT system is one which operates on a CT signal and produces CT output signal
Discrete time (DT) system
A DT system is one which operates on DT signal and produces DT output signal
Mixed system
A mixed system is one which operates on CT / DT signal and produces DT / CT signal
respectively
ECE1004-SIGNALS & SYSTEM/G2-FS-2020-21 DR. RANJEET KUMAR
CLASSIFICATION – BASED ON CHARACTERISTICS
Memory : Static & dynamic
Causality : Causal & non causal
Linearity : Linear & non linear
Time variance : Time variant & time invariant
Stability : Stable & unstable
ECE1004-SIGNALS & SYSTEM/G2-FS-2020-21 DR. RANJEET KUMAR
MEMORY – STATIC & DYNAMIC
Static or memory less
Output at any instant depends on the input at that instant but not on the past or
future values of input
Dynamic or memory
Output signal depends on past or future values of the input
ECE1004-SIGNALS & SYSTEM/G2-FS-2020-21 DR. RANJEET KUMAR
MEMORY – STATIC & DYNAMIC
y(t) = x(t+1) + 5
Dynamic
y[n] = x[n] + x[n-1]
Dynamic
y(t) = x(t) sin (2t)
Static
y[n] = u[n]
Static
ECE1004-SIGNALS & SYSTEM/G2-FS-2020-21 DR. RANJEET KUMAR
CAUSALITY
Causal system or anticipative system
System output at any time depends on present
and /or past inputs not future inputs.
Non Causal system
System output at any time depends on future inputs.
ECE1004-SIGNALS & SYSTEM/G2-FS-2020-21 DR. RANJEET KUMAR
CAUSALITY
y(t) = x(t) + x(t-1)
Causal system
y[n] = x[n+3] + x2[n]
non causal system
ECE1004-SIGNALS & SYSTEM/G2-FS-2020-21 DR. RANJEET KUMAR
LINEAR & NON-LINEAR
ECE1004-SIGNALS & SYSTEM/G2-FS-2020-21 DR. RANJEET KUMAR
LINEAR & NON-LINEAR
ECE1004-SIGNALS & SYSTEM/G2-FS-2020-21 DR. RANJEET KUMAR
LINEAR & NON-LINEAR
ECE1004-SIGNALS & SYSTEM/G2-FS-2020-21 DR. RANJEET KUMAR
TIME VARIANT AND TIME INVARIANT SYSTEM
ECE1004-SIGNALS & SYSTEM/G2-FS-2020-21 DR. RANJEET KUMAR
TIME VARIANT AND TIME INVARIANT SYSTEM
ECE1004-SIGNALS & SYSTEM/G2-FS-2020-21 DR. RANJEET KUMAR
STABLE AND UNSTABLE SYSTEM
A CT system is said to be stable system, if the bounded input to
the system produces bounded output
if x(t) is bounded, y(t) should also be bounded for the system to
be stable
h(t ) dt
ECE1004-SIGNALS & SYSTEM/G2-FS-2020-21 DR. RANJEET KUMAR
STABLE AND UNSTABLE SYSTEM
2 t
h(t ) e u (t 3)
4t
x(t ) e
