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Group 2 Elements: Physical Properties Chemical Properties Anomalous Behaviour of Beryllium

Group 2 elements have the following physical and chemical properties: 1) Atomic radius increases and electronegativity decreases down the group as the number of electron shells increases. 2) Reactivity increases due to a decreasing ionization energy. Chemical properties include reacting with oxygen to form metal oxides and reacting with water to form metal hydroxides and hydrogen gas, except for beryllium which forms an insoluble oxide. 3) Beryllium exhibits anomalous behavior due to its small size and high charge density. It forms covalent compounds like beryllium chloride and amphoteric compounds like beryllium oxide and hydroxide that can act as both acids and bases

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Yin Yin Ling
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58 views8 pages

Group 2 Elements: Physical Properties Chemical Properties Anomalous Behaviour of Beryllium

Group 2 elements have the following physical and chemical properties: 1) Atomic radius increases and electronegativity decreases down the group as the number of electron shells increases. 2) Reactivity increases due to a decreasing ionization energy. Chemical properties include reacting with oxygen to form metal oxides and reacting with water to form metal hydroxides and hydrogen gas, except for beryllium which forms an insoluble oxide. 3) Beryllium exhibits anomalous behavior due to its small size and high charge density. It forms covalent compounds like beryllium chloride and amphoteric compounds like beryllium oxide and hydroxide that can act as both acids and bases

Uploaded by

Yin Yin Ling
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Group 2 elements

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

ANOMALOUS BEHAVIOUR OF
BERYLLIUM
Physical properties of Group 2 elements
Atomic
radius
increases

Electronegativity Ionic radius


decreases increases
Down
Group 2

Ionisation
Melting point energy
decreases decreases
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF G2
Reactivity increases
-Reducing power
increases
O2 : M(s)+O2(g)→MO(s)
Solubility of sulphates
Water: M(s)+2H2O (l)→M(OH)2 (aq) + H2(g) decreases
Except Be/Mg(s)+2H2O (g) steam Chemical -Hydration energy is
Air : 3X(s) + N2(g)→X3N2 (s) properties less exo than LE,
∆Hsol endo
M(s)+O2(g)→MO(s)

Thermal stability MO(s)+ H2O (l)→M(OH) 2 (aq)


increases BeO is insoluble in water while MgO
i. Charge density are sparingly soluble in water.
ii. polarisability
Anomalous behaviour of Beryllium
 high charge density and high
polarising power
covalent compound,  Be2+ ion is able to distort the electron
BeCl2 clouds of chloride ion and giving
significant covalent character.
Soluble in non- hydrolysed
dimer
polar solvent exothermically
BeO and Be(OH)2 are by water
Anomalous white solid that
amphoteric
behaviour of sublimes when
Beryllium heated
Be2+ ions, Be(H2O)4 2+  form beryllium salts
in solution exist as  form beryllate (II) salt
hydrated ion
polarised electron cloud of water molecules,
[Be(H2O )4]2+ + H2O (l) →
Diagonal relationship with form complexes [Be(H2O )3(OH)]+ (aq)+ H3O+ (aq)
aluminium
C4 2013 Q17
C4 2014 Q

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