Matter & Its Properties: Modern Chemistry Textbook: Ch. 1
Matter & Its Properties: Modern Chemistry Textbook: Ch. 1
M O D ER N C H EM I S TRY TE X TB O O K : C H . 1
Basic Building Blocks of Matter
What is matter?
• Element – Pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable
substances
• So only 1 kind of atom
• Examples; Na, H2, Cl2, Ca
o f
t es
Sta tter
Ma
Indefinite volume
Definite volume
Indefinite shape
Definite shape
Definite volume
Indefinite shape
• Plasma: high-temperature state of matter in which atoms lose
most of their electrons
What if a substance’s identity is altered?
Blend of 2 or more kinds of matter, each that retain its own identity
and properties
• Mixed together physically
• Can be separated physically (no chemical rxn’s needed)
HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
Heterogeneous Mixtures
Fixed composition
• Every sample of pure substance has exactly the same properties
and composition
• Why don’t elements and their symbols always look like they
correspond to each other?
Groups
Periods
Groups & Families
Properties of metals
• Most solids at room temperature
• Malleable (hammered or rolled into thin sheets)
• Ductile (drawn into a thin wire)
• conduct electricity and heat well
Metals
Properties of nonmetals
• many are gases
• solids are brittle
• poor conductors of heat and electricity
Nonmetals
Properties of metalloids
• all metalloids are solids at room temperature
• semiconductors of electricity
• **Aluminum is not a metalloid – it’s a metal!
Noble Gases
Elements in Group 18