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SC Form 2 Chapter 1

The document discusses the sensory organs and senses in humans. It describes the five main senses - sight, smell, taste, touch, and hearing. For each sense, it identifies the sensory organ, how stimuli are detected, and how information is transmitted to the brain. It provides details on the anatomy and functions of eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin. It also discusses vision defects like short-sightedness and long-sightedness, and devices that can help overcome limitations of sight like microscopes. In summary, the document provides an overview of the human sensory systems and how we perceive our environment through our five senses.

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645 views37 pages

SC Form 2 Chapter 1

The document discusses the sensory organs and senses in humans. It describes the five main senses - sight, smell, taste, touch, and hearing. For each sense, it identifies the sensory organ, how stimuli are detected, and how information is transmitted to the brain. It provides details on the anatomy and functions of eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin. It also discusses vision defects like short-sightedness and long-sightedness, and devices that can help overcome limitations of sight like microscopes. In summary, the document provides an overview of the human sensory systems and how we perceive our environment through our five senses.

Uploaded by

zu
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SCIENCE FORM 2

CHAPTER 1
THE WORLD THOUGH OUR SENSES
DUNIA MELALUI DERIA KITA
SENSORY ORGANS/ ORGAN-ORGAN
DERIA
 A stimulus is a change in the enviroment that produces a
reaction in living thing/ Ransangan adalah suatu perubahan
dalam persekitaran yang menghasilkan gerak balas kepada
sesuatu organisma

 Sense is the ability of the sensory organ to detect a stimulus/


Deria ialah kebolehan organ deria utk mengesan
ransangan(perubahan)

 The sensory organ enable a organism to detect changes that


occur in enviroment/ Organ deria membolehkan organisma
mengesan perubahan yang berlaku di sekelilingnya
SENSORY ORGANS/ ORGAN-ORGAN
DERIA
 All the information from the sensory organ will carry out to
the brain to process the information through the nerve system/
Semua maklumat yg dikesan oleh deria akan dibawa ke otak
utk diproses melalui sistem saraf

 Respons is a reaction produced by stimulus/ Gerak balas ialah


tindakan hasil drpd ransangan

 Stimulus Sensory organ Nerves Brain


Nerves Respons
SENSORY ORGANS /ORGAN-ORGAN
DERIA

Eye/ Mata

Nose/
Tongue/ Lidah Hidung

Ear/
Skin/ Kulit Telinga
SENSE OF TOUCH/ DERIA SENTUHAN
SENSE OF TOUCH/ DERIA SENTUHAN
 Sensory organ response to pain, touch, pressure, heat and
cold/ Deria kulit bertindak terhadap kesakitan, sentuhan,
tekanan, kepanasan dan kesejukan

 Skin also has 5 types of receptors


a) Pain receptor d) Cold receptor
b) Touch receptor e) Pressure receptor
c) Heat receptor

 Sensitivity of skin depends on/ Kepekaan deria sentuhan


bergantung kpd
a) Thickness of skin/ Ketebalan kulit
b) Number of sensory nerves/ Jumlah saraf deria
SENSE OF SMELL/ DERIA BAU

 Nose is sensory organ for smell/ Hidung


Organ deria bau
 Sensory receptor sensitive to chemical in air/ Reseptor deria
sensitif kpd bahan kimia dlm udara
 The sensory receptor is located at the upper nasal cavity and
cover with mucus/ Reseptor deria terletak di rongga atas
hidung dan diliputi oleh mukus
 When the chemical vapour dissolves, it stimulate and create
information to the brain and the brain will identify the smell/
Apabila bahan kimia larut di dalam mukus, ia akan diransang
dan menghantar maklumat ke otak dan otak akan
menngenalpasti bau tersebut
SENSE OF SMELL/ DERIA BAU
SENSE OF TASTE/ DERIA RASA

 Sensory organ for taste is tongue/ Lidah


ialah organ deria rasa

 Tongue is cover by taste buds which contains many taste


receptor/ Lidah diliputi oleh tunas rasa yg mengandungi
byk reseptor rasa

Taste

Sweet Salty Sour Bitter


SENSE OF TASTE/ DERIA RASA

Bitter
Black coffee
Sour
Lime, Vinegar

Salty
Sea water, salt

Sweet
Honey, sugar
SENSE OF TASTE/ DERIA RASA

 Taste receptor can only detect chemicals in food which


dissolved in saliva/ Reseptor rasa boleh mengesan bhn
kimia di dlm makanan yg terlarut di dalam air liur

 Both of smell and taste are needed to detect flavour of


food/ Kedua-dua deria bau dan rasa diperlukan utk
mengesan rasa makanan
SENSE OF HEARING/ DERIA
PENDENGARAN

 Ear is sensory organ which detect sound/ Telinga adalah


organ yg mengesan bunyi

 The eustachian tube and the semicircular canals are NOT


involved in the hearing mechanism/ Tiub eustachio dan
salur separa bulat TIDAK terlibat dengan bunyi
SOUND PATHWAY/ LALUAN
BUNYI

4
7

1 2

6
5

1. Pinna 2. Auditory Canal 3. Eardrum 4. Ossicles

8. Brain 7. Auditory nerve 6. Cochlea 5. Oval window


THE FUNCTION OF DIFFERENT EAR
PARTS/ FUNGSI BAHAGIAN TELINGA
Functions

Pinna - Collect sound waves


- Direct them into auditory canal

Auditory canal - Sends the sound waves to the eardrum

Eardrum - Vibrates the same frequency as the sound waves

Ossicles - Magnifies the vibration


- Transfer the vibrations from eardrum to oval window

Cochlea - Detects vibrations


- Converts vibration to nerve impulses
SENSE OF SIGHT/ RANGSANGAN
PENGLIHATAN
SENSE OF SIGHT/ DERIA PENGLIHATAN

 Eye is a sense organ that detect light/ Mata ialah organ yang
mengesan cahaya

 Made up of three layers/ Terdiri daripada 3 lapisan

a) Sclera – outher layer/ sklera – lapisan luar

b) Choroid – middle layer/ koroid – lapisan tengah

c) retina – innermost layer/ retina – lapisan paling dalam


SENSE OF SIGHT/ DERIA PENGLIHATAN

 Parts of eyes that help focus the light onto retina/ Bahagian
mata yang menolong memfokuskan cahaya ke dalam retina
ialah
a) Cornea/ Kornea b) aqueous humour/ gelemair
c) lens/ kanta d) vitreous humour/ gelemaca

 Eye able to focus light by changing the thickness of the lens/


Mata boleh memfokus cahaya dgn menukar ketebalan kanta
 The light path in the human eye is shown below

Cornea Aqueous humour Pupil

Retina Vitreous humour Lens

Optic nerve
FUNCTION OF THE DIFFERENT PART OF
EYES/ FUNGSI BAHAGIAN MATA

Structure/ Struktur Functions/ Fungsi


Sclera - Protect the eyes
Choroid - Support food and oxygen to the eyes
- Absorb light and prevent reflection of light

Retina - Detect light


- Produces nerves impuls

Yellow spot - Detect images of formed on it


Cornea - Helps to focus light on retina
Iris -Controls the size of the pupil
-Controls the amount of light entering the eye

Pupil -Allow light to enter the eye


FUNCTION OF THE DIFFERENT PART OF
EYES/ FUNGSI BAHAGIAN MATA

Structure/ Struktur Functions/ Fungsi


Lens - Focuses light on the retina
Suspensory ligaments - Holds the lens in place
Ciliary body - Changes the thickness of the lens
Aqueous humour - Helps to focus light on retina
Vitreous humour - Helps to keep the eye ball firm
Optic nerve - Sends nerve impuls from the retina to the brain
LIGHT AND SIGHT/ CAHAYA DAN
PENGLIHATAN
1. Reflection and Refraction/ Pantulan &
Pembiasan

- Light can be reflected and refracted

- Reflection is bouncing of light off an


object or surface/ Pantulan ialah pembalikan cahaya daripada
objek atau permukaan

- We can see because the object reflects light into our


eyes/ Kita boleh melihat sesuatu objek krn cahaya telah
dipantulkan ke dalam mata kita
- - For examples,
a) Dentist use the mirror to see the teeth
b) Contexs mirror at the bend road for safety
c) Vehicle rear-view

- Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one


transparent medium to another/ Pembiasan ialah
pembengkokan cahaya apabila ianya melalui bahan lutsinar yang
berbeza ketumpatan

As example, Pencil in this picture looks like
bending in water. It’s actually not bending, but
the light will reflection as it pass though the
water which has different density.

It is bending or not?

Fish located in our eyes

Actually fish located


Defects of vision and ways to correct them/
Kecacatan pada penglihatan dan cara
Membetulkannya

The common defects of vision is/


Kecacatan mata yang biasa ditemui ialah
a) Long sightedness/ Rabun jauh

b) Short sightedness/ Rabun dekat

c) Astigmatism/ Astigmatisme
SHORT SIGHTEDNESS/ RABUN DEKAT
 Can see NEAR objects/
Boleh melihat objek dekat
 FAR object appear
blurred
Objek yg jauh kabur
 Image formed in FRONT
of the retina
Imej terbentuk di hadapan retina

IMEJ DI HADAPAN RETINA


Cause:-
 Eye ball is too big/long

Bebola mata terlalu besar/ panjang


 Lens is too thick
Kanta mata yg TEBAL

Correction:-
 Use suitable concave lens

Gunakan kanta cekung


LONG SIGHTEDNESS/
RABUN JAUH
 Can see FAR objects/
Boleh melihat objek JAUH
 NEAR object appear
blurred
Objek yg DEKAT kabur
 Image formed in BEHIND
of the retina
Imej terbentuk di BELAKANG retina

IMEJ DI BELAKANG RETINA


Cause:-
 Eye ball is too SMALL/SHORT

Bebola mata terlalu KECIL/ PENDEK


 Lens is too THIN

Kanta mata yg nipis

Correction:-
 Use suitable CONVEX lens

Gunakan kanta CEMBUNG


LIMITATION OF SIGHT
 Some common examples of the limitation of sight are
 a) Blind spot

 b) Optical illusion

 c) Monocular and stereoscopic visions


DEVICES TO OVERCOME THE
LIMITATION OF SIGHT
DEVICES TO OVERCOME THE LIMITATION OF SIGHT/
Alat untuk mengatasi had penglihatan

Device Function

Microscope To examine a very tiny organisms/ utk memeriksa


organisma yg terlalu kecil
Magnifying glass To magnify the image of small object/ utk
membesarkan objek yg kecil
Telescope Enables us to see a far object/ membolehkan kita
melihat objek yg jauh
Binoculars Enables to see far away object/ membolehkan
melihat objek yg jauh
Ultrasound Enables to see the fetus of pregnant mother/
scanning melihat janin pd ibu mengandung

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