Knowledge Is Power SM

Apparatus Maintenance and Power Management

for Energy Delivery

Protection System Assessment

Doble Engineering Company

Doble F6150 - 2004

Doble F6150 - 2004
Protection’s Role in Electricity Systems

 Electricity Business is about providing a

vital service
 When managed properly it is also about
making money
 Protection Systems remove faulty plant
from the system via unplanned outages
 Protection Systems operating correctly
minimise outages
 Therefore they also maximise income

WHEN THEY WORK PROPERLY

Doble F6150 - 2004

What Are The Costs Of Failure?

 Best Outcome No Loss of Load

 Overtime Callout by Technicians
 Less than $10,000 in costs
 Extended Outage
 Overhead Mains minor damage
 Excessive Loss of Revenue
 Greater than $100,000
 Extended Outage + Plant Damage
 Repair or Replace Logistics > $250K
 Excessive Loss of Revenue >$100K
 Catastrophic Failure – Transformer
 >$2,000,000

Doble F6150 - 2004

How do we know if they work?

 By Testing

 What do you test?

 How do you test?

 When do you test?

Doble F6150 - 2004

Considerations

Primary Plant Vs Protection

 Primary plant typically has fixed

operating parameters
 CB Motion
 Bushing insulation
 Transformer Turns Ratio

 Protection Relays & Schemes

 Almost infinitely variable
 Modern relays host multiple schemes
Doble F6150 - 2004
Protection Testing

Traditional

 Electrical System was typically simpler to

operate
 Less interconnections
 More customer tolerance to outages
 Check the Characteristic & Timing
 Electromechanical Relays performance typically
changes with age
 Testing Tools had limitations
 Sinusoidal waveform generation - hopefully
 Low Output Power
 Unable to simulate real faults

Doble F6150 - 2004

Protection Testing – A New Philosophy

Prove
The “SETTING”
NOT
The “CHARACTERISTIC”

WHY?

Doble F6150 - 2004

Protection Testing – Schemes

 Protection Systems are not isolated

components or relays working
independently

 They ARE

 Protection Systems are independent

components or relays working as a team
or scheme

Doble F6150 - 2004

Protection Testing – Modern Schemes

 Use both electromechanical and

microprocessor based relays
 Complex Characteristics are now possible
 Multiple Characteristics operating
simultaneously
 Characteristic Testing does NOT reveal if
these all work as expected
 It is common to turn off elements to test
characteristics individually
 Characteristic is RARELY wrong with
microprocessor Relays
 So Why Test at all?

Doble F6150 - 2004

Protection Testing – Modern Schemes

 Characteristic testing is still valid if there

is a problem identified.

 How do we identify the problems

 TEST THE SETTING

 HOW?

Doble F6150 - 2004

Doble Test Philosophy

 Test the “Complete Scheme”

 Protection should operate when expected
ALSO
 Protection should NOT operate when expected

 Fault Simulation
Transients
 Recorded using Digital Fault Recorders
 Simulated (PSCAD Relay) PC software
 Based on Actual Fault Data
State Simulations
 Generated by Fault Study Programs
 PSCAD Relay, Aspen, CAPE

Doble F6150 - 2004

Tools to Test the Complete Scheme

 Transient Testing (Best)

 DFR Recordings replayed subject the scheme to
actual faults under controlled conditions
 All faults that can occur rarely happen in real life
 Fault Simulation Software (PSCAD Relay)
 Generate all possible faults for the scheme under test
 Must be certain that the model information is accurate
 Subjects the scheme to all possible distortions
 State Simulation (Good)
 Fault Simulations based on fundamental frequency
 Easier to generate faults
 Typically each STATE represents a particular stage
of a fault, Pre-Fault, Fault, Post-Fault

Doble F6150 - 2004

How to Test the Complete Scheme

End to End Testing

 Complete Scheme can be tested with
real faults under controlled conditions
 Using GPS Signals to synchronise
tests sets
 Transient and State Simulation testing
 Repeatable
 Identify any performance issues

Doble F6150 - 2004

End to End Testing

 Multiple Ends can be tested simultaneously

 No Limit to the number of ends
 Good method for simple signalling schemes
 Distance (Intertripping etc..)
 Differential
 Only method for 3 and 4 ended feeders with complex
signalling schemes
 Which Setting or Group of Settings are not
performing
 Require High Power & Accurate Signal
Generation
 What do you do after a problem is identified?

Doble F6150 - 2004

Problem Solving

 This is where traditional methods work

 After identifying a Setting Error it is essential
to determine if the Characteristic is correct.
 Determine if characteristics are correct
 Older E/M relays this can be an issue
 Rare for microprocessor
 But must be eliminated as a cause of error
 If Characteristic is Good then Setting
MUST be recalculated

Doble F6150 - 2004

Desired Equipment Requirements
 Flexible Configurations
 4 voltages + 4 currents minimum
 6 currents for differential schemes
 Enough Power to Test the Scheme
 At high current over 15 – 20 VA can be lost in the test
leads and panel wiring
 Electromechanical O/C & E/F Relays can require > 300
VA
 Therefore at least 320 VA
 High Power is required across all test currents
 Can be only be achieved by switchable ranges
 Reliable & Guaranteed Output Waveforms
 Designed for Field Operation and Support

Doble F6150 - 2004

How Doble Supports this Philosophy

 Highly Configurable Test Equipment

 High Power Sources
 High Quality Output Waveforms
 With Error & Distortion Detection
 Multiple Ranges for Sources
 Source Flexibility – up to 12 sources
 Portable and Rugged
 Suite of Software Tools
 Applications Engineers
 User Groups and Forums

Doble F6150 - 2004

The F6150 Power System Simulator

 F6150 Power System Simulator

 Three 150 VA Voltage/Low Current Sources
 Three 150 VA Current Sources
 Voltage Ranges - 75/150/300V
 Low Current Ranges - 0.5/1.0/2.0A
 Current Ranges - 7.5/15/30A
 High Accuracy ±0.02%
 Low Distortion ±0.02% THD
 Six 75 VA V/Low I Sources
 Six 75 VA I Sources
 8 Logic Inputs
 8 Logic Outputs (4x 0.5A & 4x 8A)
 Aux DC Source 6 – 300 Vdc (Battery Simulator)
 Transducer Inputs (20mA / 10V)

Doble F6150 - 2004

F6150 Sources Cont’d

Sync
Rectifiers
37.5 VA
350 V
DC Inverter
75 VA Sync
Relay
Rectifiers
AC 37.5 VA Switch
Line matrix
Input for Output
Sync
Range 1*150 VA
Inverter Rectifiers
37.5 VA
Selection or
75 VA
2*75 VA
Sync
Rectifiers
37.5 VA

170 kHz

Doble F6150 - 2004

F6150 Cont’d

 12 Source Capability
 Splitting the 150 VA to 2 (two) 75 VA sources
 Paralleling of Current Sources
 2 or 3 sources can be combined to make 60A
300VA or 90A 450VA sources
or 6A & 9A respectively
 Transient Mode
 Current Sources: 150% Power; 200% Range
 Low Currents : 130% Power; 150% Range

Doble F6150 - 2004

F6150: Power

Convertible Voltage/Low Current Sources

 150 VA continuous
 195 VA for 1.5 seconds
Source Mode Range Comment
Voltage 50/60 Hz 75, 150, 300 Volts Continuous
Voltage DC 106, 212, 300 Volts Continuous
Current DC 1.41, 0.707, 0.354 A Continuous
Range Compliance
Current 50/60 Hz 0.5 A 300 Volts Continuous
1.0 A 150 Volts
2.0 A 75 Volts
Current 50/60 Hz 0.75 A 260 Volts 1.5 Seconds
1.5 A 130 Volts
3A 65 Volts

Doble F6150 - 2004

F6150: Power

Current Source
 150 VA continuous
 225 VA for 1.5 seconds

Source Range Compliance Comment

voltage
Current 7.5 A 20 V Continuous
50/60 Hz 15 A 10 V
30 A 5V
Current 15 A 15 V 1.5 Seconds
50/60 Hz 30 A 7.5 V
60 A 3.75 V
Current DC 5A 30 V Continuous
10 A 15 V
20 A 7.5 V

Doble F6150 - 2004

 F6000: Power Output vs. Current

150

125
Output power

100

75
50

25
0
0 10 20 30
Output current

Doble F6150 - 2004

F6000: Power Output vs. Current

7.5 A Range: 150 VA

150

125
Output power

100

75
50

25
0
0 10 20 30
Output current
Compliance Voltage = 20 Volts
Doble F6150 - 2004
F6000: Power Output vs. Current

15 A Range: 150 VA

150

125
Output power

100

75
50

25
0
0 10 20 30
Output current
Compliance Voltage = 10 Volts
Doble F6150 - 2004
 F6000: Power Output vs. Current

30 A Range: 150 VA

150

125
Output power

100

75
50

25
0
0 10 20 30
Output current
Compliance Voltage = 5 Volts
Doble F6150 - 2004
 F6000: Power Output vs. Current

One Range 15 A 75 VA

150

125
Output power

100 VA
100

75
50

25 25 VA
0
0 10 20 30
Output current
Compliance Voltage = 5 Volts
Doble F6150 - 2004
Example of Relay Burden

 Low tap setting 0.2 Amps typ. 3 VA

burden
 Impedance = 75 Ohms (I2.R=VA)
 Power required
 at 5 times the tap (1 A) is 75 VA
 at 10 times the tap (2 A) is 300 VA
 Power required at 1 A is 75 VA and
power required at 2 A is 300 VA

Doble F6150 - 2004

F6300 High Current Source

 Used with the F6150

 Additional 2x 450 VA / 90A
Sources
 3x 150VA @ 300V Voltages
and 3x 450 VA @ 90A Currents
 3x150VA @ 300V Voltages
and 9x 150VA @ 30A Currents
or 9x 225VA @ 60A Transient Currents
for 1.5 seconds

Doble F6150 - 2004

F6000 Case Opened

Doble F6150 - 2004

Software

 ProTesT
 F6 TesT
 TransWin
 F6000 Control Panel
 F6010 Handheld PC Mini-Controller
 Meter and Transducer
 PSCAD Relay

Doble F6150 - 2004

ProTesT Software

 Software system for protective relay

testing and equipment maintenance.
 SQL compliant Client server database
 Improve productivity
 Quality preventive maintenance
system
 Includes all elements of Doble Testing
Philosophy

Doble F6150 - 2004

ProTesT Cont’d

Doble F6150 - 2004

Software Cont’d – F6 TesT

 F6 TesT
 Suite of powerful test templates
 All relay types available
 Impedance, Current, Voltage, Frequency
Differential, Directional
 State Simulation
 Ramp

Doble F6150 - 2004

F6 TesT Cont’d

Doble F6150 - 2004

 Software Cont’d – TransWin
 10 KHz playback rate
 Comtrade binary or ASCII playback
 Ethernet port for quick testing
 Standalone Transwin application – free of charge
 State change to simulate system condition
 Dynamic test SSIMUL files playback
 AIM viewer
 Database driven TRANS macro
 Playback *.Pl4 files
 TRANS imports EMTP *.PL4 files
 Editing capability for accurate simulation
 Create user defined wave forms using DATC application
 Create special wave shape Comtrade date files
 Differential relay inrush wave forms

Doble F6150 - 2004

 Software – Analog Input Module

 New CPU ($2K Upgrade)

 AIM Module ($2.8K Opt)
 Recording of 8 channels
of analog/digital data
 GPS recorded records
are time stamped
 Acquisition of pre-fault,
fault, and post-fault data
in COMTRADE format
 User defined trigger
controls and scaling
factors

Doble F6150 - 2004

Software – F6000 Control Panel
 Ramp and AutoSense for testing
without manual error
 Fault Rotate for testing 3-Phase
relays without wiring
modification
 Quick testing without the need
for elaborate test plan
 8 timers
 Control of 8 inputs and outputs
 Virtual front panel controls
 Real time phasor display shows
voltage and current relationships
 Drag and Drop feature of phasor
display simplifies complex relay
testing

Doble F6150 - 2004

Software Continued

 F6010 Handheld PC Mini-Controller

 Fast Testing
 No need for PC to start up
 Supports Control Panel &
Basic Macros Testing

Doble F6150 - 2004

Software Continued

 PSCAD Relay
 Power System
Modeling for
the Protection
Test Engineer
 Graphical
Interface
 Up to 55 Nodes
PSCAD Relay
 Infinite Nodes
for full version
PSCAD

Doble F6150 - 2004

Meter and Transducer Testing

 Quick Testing of
Transducers
 High Accuracy
 User Friendly
interface

Doble F6150 - 2004

Support & Training

 Doble Application Engineers

 Product Training at Your Workplace
 Regional Repair Service
 Not returned to factory
 Reducing Post Warranty Repair Costs

Doble F6150 - 2004

Applications Engineers

 Software Specialist
 Joe Pompeo
 Testing Specialists
 Dennis Tierney
 Yakov Knobel
 Jun Verzosa
 Fang He
 Over 140 years of worldwide
industry experience
 Soon to have time zone based
Applications Engineers

Doble F6150 - 2004

Conferences

 Doble Client Conferences

 Largest Industry asset maintenance
based conference in the world
 ProTesT User Group
 Meetings in Australia and USA annually
 NEW Regional Seminars
 Covering Insulation, CB’s and Protection

Doble F6150 - 2004

Why Doble Engineering?

 More Than 9000 Protection Test

Instruments Sold Worldwide
 Why?
 Quality
 Support – Conferences & Applications
 Creating equipment that meets
requirements & exceed expectations
 Reputation – The Industry Standard

Doble F6150 - 2004

F6150 Benefits Vs Competition

 Most Configurations
 Highest Available Power (VA &Ranges)
 Highest Guaranteed Accuracy
 Lowest Guaranteed Distortion
 Built for Rough Treatment
 Field Upgradeable
 Field Serviceable
 Software to test your way
 Local Backup/Support Service
 Local Peer Groups for Support

Doble F6150 - 2004

Highest Power 2 Unit System Available

Doble F6150 - 2004

Continuous Improvement

 We build good mouse traps

 But there is always a smarter mouse
 We are ALWAYS working to IMPROVE

Doble F6150 - 2004

Thank-you for Listening

Doble F6150 - 2004