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Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) System Simulation

This document provides an introduction to Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) including what it is, why it is used, its principles and advantages. It discusses OFDM parameters and characteristics. Simulation results are presented showing the bit error rate performance of an OFDM system with 64 subcarriers using 16-QAM modulation in additive white Gaussian noise and multipath fading channels. The conclusion states that OFDM can transmit high data rates effectively by dividing a high rate signal into multiple lower rate signals and equalization is simpler compared to single carrier systems.

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Nakibur Rahman
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187 views21 pages

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) System Simulation

This document provides an introduction to Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) including what it is, why it is used, its principles and advantages. It discusses OFDM parameters and characteristics. Simulation results are presented showing the bit error rate performance of an OFDM system with 64 subcarriers using 16-QAM modulation in additive white Gaussian noise and multipath fading channels. The conclusion states that OFDM can transmit high data rates effectively by dividing a high rate signal into multiple lower rate signals and equalization is simpler compared to single carrier systems.

Uploaded by

Nakibur Rahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Orthogonal Frequency

Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) System Simulation
Nakibur Rahman (1206117), Abdullah Al Amin Sarkar (1306161)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)
Outline
• Introduction
• What is OFDM
• Why OFDM
• Principle of OFDM
• Basic OFDM system
• OFDM Parameters and Characteristics
• Orthogonality
• Advantages of OFDM
• Simulation Results
• Conclusion
Introduction
• The demand for high data rate services are increasing in
communication technology
• New modulation schemes are required to provide high data rate,
allowable bit error rate and maximum delay
• OFDM is one of them
• OFDM is a digital transmission method developed to meet the
increasing demand of high data rates. Used both in wire and wireless
systems
What is OFDM?
• OFDM is a widely used modulation and multiplexing technology
• It is referred in the literature as Multi-carrier, Multi-tone and Fourier
Transform
• It is based on the spreading the data to be transmitted over a large
number of carrier, each being modulated at a low rate
• Orthogonality gives the carriers a valid reason to be closely spaced
with overlapping without ICI.
What is OFDM?
• OFDM spectrum
What is OFDM?
Why OFDM?
• OFDM transmission system offers possibilities for alleviating many of
the problems encountered with single carrier systems
• It has the advantage of spreading out a frequency selective fade over
many symbols
• Dividing an entire signal bandwidth into many narrow sub-bands
cause the frequency response over individual sub-bands to be
relatively flat, because sub-bands are smaller than the coherence
bandwidth of the channel
Why OFDM?
• Equalization is potentially simpler than in a single carrier system due
to the flat fading
Principles of OFDM
• OFDM data are generated by taking symbols in the spectral space
using M-PSK, QAM etc
• Convert the spectra to time domain by taking the Inverse Discrete
Fourier Transform (IDFT)
• Since Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) is more cost effective to
implement, it is usually used instead
Principles of OFDM
• Virtual carriers are added between the symbols as a guard band
• The symbols are modulated onto orthogonal sub-carriers. This is done
by using IFFT.
• Orthogonality is maintained during channel transmission. This can be
achieved by adding a cyclic prefix to the OFDM frame to be sent.
• The cyclic prefix consists of the L last samples of the frame which are
copied and placed in the beginning of the frame.
Principles of OFDM
• Demodulation of the received signal by using FFT.
Basic OFDM system
OFDM Parameters and Characteristics
• The number of carriers in an OFDM system is not only limited by the
available spectral bandwidth, but also by the IFFT size
• The more complex (also more costly) the OFDM system is, the higher
IFFT size it has; thus a higher number of carriers can be used, and
higher data transmission rate achieved
• The choice of M-QAM modulation varies the data rate and Bit Error
Rate (BER). The higher order of QAM leads to larger symbol size,
thus less number of symbols needed to be transmitted
Advantages of OFDM
• Multipath delay spread tolerance:
Since the symbol duration is made larger (by converting a high data
rate signal into low data rate signals) the effect of delay spread is
reduced by the same factor
• By introducing the concepts of cyclic extension, the effects of inter-
symbol interference (ISI) and inter-carrier interference (ICI) can be
removed completely.
Advantages of OFDM
• Immunity to frequency selective fading channels:
Complex equalization techniques are required at the receiver if the
channel undergoes frequency selective fading
In the case of OFDM the subcarriers experience flat fading only
Only the channel gain/phase associated with the sub-carriers may
vary

• Efficient modulation and demodulation:


Modulation and Demodulation of the sub-carriers is done using IFFT and
FFT methods respectively, which are computationally efficient
Advantages of OFDM
• High transmission bitrates
• Chance to cancel any cannel if is affected by fading
• Easy equalization: OFDM symbols are longer than the maximum
delay spread resulting in flat fading channel which can be easily
equalized
• High spectral efficiency
Simulation Results
• Simulation results were obtained in AWGN and Multipath fading
channel
• In the simulation here, the symbol modulation method is 16 QAM
• The FFT transform point is 64
• Data is separated into 3 three frames
Simulation Results
• Our simulation considers the BER performance of an OFDM system
with 64-point FFT (N=64) and 16 virtual carriers (Nvc = N-Nsub=16),
for 16-QAM signaling in the AWGN or a multipath Rayleigh fading
channel (with the maximum delay of 15 samples)
• Guard interval length is taken as Ng=N/4=16
Simulation Results
• BER performance of OFDM in AWGN channel
Simulation Results
• BER performance of OFDM in Multipath fading channel
Conclusion

• One way to transmit high data rate information is to employ well


known conventional single carrier systems
• Highly complex equalizers are needed at the receiver for accurately
recovering the transmitted information
• Multi-carrier techniques can solve this problem significantly
• This paper has explored the role of OFDM in the wireless
communication and its advantages over single carrier transmission

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