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OOPS
(Object Oriented Programming Structure)
OOPS stands for Object Oriented Programming Structure.
Object Oriented Programming develops a program around
its data and sets of well-defined interface to that data.

An object-oriented program can be characterized as data

controlling access to code.

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•
CONCEPTS OF OOPS
Objects
• Classes
• Encapsulation
• Data Abstraction
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism

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Objects

Objects is the run time entities in an object –

oriented system. An objects may represent the
city, name,person etc.

Object=Data+Method

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Classes

A class describes a group of objects with

similer attributes,operations and relationship to other
objects

Class object object object

Employee Emp name Emp age Emp salary

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Encapsulation
Encapsulation is the mechanism that binds together code and
the data.

It manipulates , and keeps both safe from outside interference

and misuse.

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Data Abstraction
• The act of representing essential features without including the background
details or explanations.

• Classes use the concept of abstraction and defined as a list of attributes, and
functions to operate these attributes.

• It’s also known as Abstract DataTypes(ADT)

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Inheritance
Inheritance is the process by which objects of one
class acquires the properties of objects of another class.

The concept of inheritance provides the idea of reusability.

Animal

Mammal Reptile

Dog
Cat

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Polymorphism
Polymorphism is a feature that allows one
interface to be used for a general class of actions
or
“one interface, multiple methods”

Shape
Draw ()

Circle object Box object Triangle object

Draw(box) Draw(triangle)
Draw(circle)
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Benefits of OOP
• Software reusability
•
• Code sharing

• Rapid prototyping

• Information hiding

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The Java Programming

Language
Safe Portable
Platform-independent
Distributed as instructions for a virtual machine

Vast set of library packages Designed for the Internet

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Applet on a Web Page

An Applet for Visualizing Molecules Running in a

Browser Window (http://jmol.sourceforge.net/)
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Java Versions

Version Year Important New Features

1.0 1996
Generic classes, enhanced for loop, auto-boxing, enumerations,
5 2004
1.1 1997 Inner classes
1.2 1998 Swing, Collections framework
1.3 2000 Performance enhancements
1.4 2002 Assertions, XML support
annotations
6 2006 Library improvements
7 2011 Small language changes and library improvements
8 2014 Function expressions, streams, new date/time library
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What are the two most important benefits of the Java

language?

Answer: Safety and portability.

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How long does it take to learn the entire Java library?

Answer: No one person can learn the entire library – it is too large.
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Becoming Familiar with Your Programming

Environment

An editor is a program for entering and modifying text, such as a Java

program.
Java is case sensitive.
Java compiler translates source code into class files.
Class files contain instructions for the Java virtual machine.
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Becoming Familiar with Your Programming Environment

1. Start the Java development environment.

2. Write a simple program.
3. Run the program.
4. Organize your work.
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Figure 4 Running the HelloPrinter Program in an Integrated Development Environment

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Becoming Familiar with Your Programming

Environment

Figure 6 From Source Code to Running Program

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Figure 7 A Folder Hierarchy

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Where is the HelloPrinter.java file stored on your computer?

Answer: The answer varies among systems. A typical answer:

• /home/dave/cs1/hello/HelloPrinter.java or
• c:\Users\Dave\Workspace\hello\HelloPrinter.java
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Software Development Process

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Running Application on Multiple Platforms

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public
{ publicclass HelloPrinter
{ static void main(String[] args)
// Display a greeting in the console window
System.out.println(“Hello,World”);
}
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Analyzing Your First Program: C l a s s

Declaration
Classes are the fundamental building blocks of Java programs:
Declaration of a class called HelloPrinter

public class HelloPrinter

In Java, every source file can contain, at most one public class.
The name of the public class must match the name of the file containing
the class:
Class HelloPrinter must be contained in a file named HelloPrinter.java
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Analyzing Your First Program:

Methods
Each class contains declarations of methods.
Each method contains a sequence of instructions.
A method contains a collection of programming instructions that describe
how to carry out a particular task.
A method is called by specifying the method and its arguments.
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Analyzing Your First Program: main Method

Every Java application contains a class with a main method

When the application starts, the instructions in the main method are executed

Declaring a main method

public static void main(String[] args)

{
...
}
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Analyzing Your First Program: Statements

The body of the main method contains statements.

Our method has a single statement:

System.out.println("Hello, World!");

It prints a line of text:

Hello, World!
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Analyzing Your First Program: Method Call

A method call:

System.out.println("Hello, World!");

A method call requires:

1. The method you want to use (in this case, System.out.println)
2. Any values the method needs to carry out its task enclosed in
parentheses (in this case, "Hello, World!")

The technical term for such values is "arguments"

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Java Program
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Analyzing Your First Program:

Strings
String: a sequence of characters enclosed in double quotation marks:

"Hello, World!"
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Analyzing Your First Program: Printing

You can print numerical values
System.out.println(3 + 4);

• evaluates the expression 3 + 4

displays the number 7

System.out.println("Hello");
.
System.out.println("World!");
•System.out.println method prints a string or a number and then starts a new line.

• The sequence of statements

Prints two lines

Hello
World!

There is a second method, System.out.print, that you can use to print an

item without starting a new line
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How would you modify the HelloPrinter program to print the word "Hello" vertically?

Answer:

System.out.println("H");
System.out.println("e");
System.out.println("l");
System.out.println("l");
System.out.println("o");
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What do the following statements print?

Answer:

System.out.println("Hello");
System.out.println("");
System.out.println("World");

Hello
a b l an k l i n e
World
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Errors

A compile-time error (syntax error)

is a violation of the programming language rules
detected by the compiler.

System.ou.println("Hello, World!");

A run-time error (logic error)

causes a program to perform an action that the programmer did not intend.

System.out.println("Hello, Word!");
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Exception - a type of run-time error

Generates an error message from the Java virtual machine
This statement
System.out.println(1 / 0)

Generates this run-time error message

"Division by zero"
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Repeat until sorted

Self Check 1.26
Suppose you have a random sequence of colored marbles. Consider this pseudocode:

Locate the first marble that is preceded by a marble of a different color, and switch them.

Why is this not an algorithm?

Answer: The sequence doesn’t terminate. Consider the input .

The first two marbles keep getting switched.