Reinventing Smart Cities as an
Extended Eneterprise Model for
Inclusive Growth
Venkatachalam Anbumozhi
AISC 1st Conference , 24-25 November, 2021
Transformative Cities : No more a Business As
Usual Scenario
• Cities have outgrown model: ie self-contain industries.
• Offers employment and finical independencies; access to better
service delivery-energy, water, health, education etc
• Climate change mitigation, disaster management, circularity,
resource efficiency, innovation type of issues require city centric
approach for smart solutions.
• Local economic development: core for cities and per-urban
areas, driver for global value chains
• Engines not only for large capital/manufacturing centers, from
poverty to inequality.
• Creative expression in the context of simultaneous urbanization
by migrants who are usually young and ageing population
-offering potential transformation of individual governance roles
2
What is a smart city?
• Adopting ICT in order to enhance livability, workability and sustainability (Smart Cities Council, 2013).
• A city where the conditions of all its critical infrastructures are monitored and integrated . (US Office
of Scientific and Technical Information, 2014).
• An instrumented, interconnected and intelligent city (IBM, 2010).
• A city seeking to address public issues via ICT-based solutions on the basis of multi-stakeholder and
municipality-based partnership (European Parliament, 2014).
• A city that links physical capitals with social one in order to enhance the quality of services (Corriea
and Wunstel, 2011).
• Integrating the physical, IT, social and business infrastructures into a single framework so as to
leverage the collective intelligence of a city (Harrison et al., 2016).
• A innovative city that uses information and communication technologies (ICTs) and other means to
improve quality of life, efficiency of urban operation and services, and competitiveness, while
ensuring that it meets the needs of present and future generations with respect to economic, social,
environmental as well as cultural aspects (UNECE, 2017)
• Automating routine functions as well as monitoring and planning the city to improve the efficiency,
equity and quality of life for its citizens (Batty et al., 2018).
• Smart city is not about technology. It is really about how we apply ICT to enhance the quality of life
of our citizens, to create greater opportunities for every one to prosper and thrive in this new world
where economic restructuring is occurring and technology diffusion is occurring at an
unprecedented pace and , to also strengthen community cohesion, quality of life. Opportunities and
communities. Technology is a means to that end (Vivian Balakrishnanan, Singapore Minister, 2018).
3
SC as an Extended Enterprise Model
• Concept that an entity does not operate in isolation because its
success depends on networks of partner relationships
• ICT plays an important role in an extend enterprise, facilitating
communication and relationship building and providing each member
and the network a common view of data in real or near real time.
• An extended enterprise model not only emphasise the need to share
data, but also by ICT consumerization, the burring of lines between
personal and work related use of technology
• SC ->System of System (SoS) viewing of multiple, dispersed,
independent system in the context as a part of larger more complex
system. The goal of smart city is get a maximum value of larger
system by understanding how each small system works, interface and
used. Such a design require thinking –a wholistic approach to analyze
that way constitute parts interpolate, work over time and function
within the context of larger evolving systems.
4
Sustainability Challenges of ASEAN Cities
• BAU could result in annual
resource requirements (energy,
water, materials) of cities growing
from 40 billion tonnes in 2010 to
nearly 90 billion tonnes by 2050
(ERIA, 2018). Resource use and
CO2 emissions from energy use
will be a well recognized concern.
• Long term historic sprawl of
ASEAN cities by 2% year threaten
to increase urban land use,
putting land and food supplies at
risk (IRP, 2015).
• Cities that create compact urban
growth and become more
resource efficient in transport,
buildings, could achieve
reductions of between 36 to 54%
in energy use and carbon
emissions. (MGI, 2018)
5
Inclusive Growth Challenges of Today’ Cities
Increasing Inequalities Reduced Urban Poverty
City Year Gini Co- Country Year % of Year % urban
efficient urban population
popul
Chiangmai 2014 0.58 ation
Ho-chi 2011 0.53
Minh City
Bangkok 2012 0.53 Indonesia 1996 13.6 2015 8.8
Davo 2009 0.44
Kula 2009 0.41 Malaysia 1994 21.8 2015 6.7
Lumphur
Nonthaburi 2006 0.41 Thailand 1990 20.5 2011 9
Manila 2006 0.40 Viet Nam 1995 25.1 2014 6
6 Source: UN, ADB and ASEAN data base
Cities as a part of Global Challenge and Smart Solutions
By 2020 more
than 60% of the Global Challenges of Cities
population will • Pollution Rising cost of services
be living in cities • Climate change Inequality
• Traffic congestion Crimes/security
70% of global GDP is
• Affordable housing Urban sprawl
generated by Cities
It is crucial to manage cities in such a way that they support and drive economic growth and
competitiveness while achieving social cohesion and environmental sustainability
Priority Action Areas Socio-Economic Benefits
Energy and Environment Smart City Integrated social and Economic
Transport and mobility Development
Concept Inster-sectoral ICT
Urban development and planning
Public Service and Utilities
7
ASEAN Smart City Initiative – An Enhanced Service
Delivery Approach
Resource and Services
SMART SERVICE CITY Energy Waste
The implementation and usage of ICT to improve city
services and to ensure suitable and equitable growth Transit Health
Safety Business
SMART CITY
Development of Information Communication Technologies ICT
(ICT) amongst urban infrastructure
Applications (data collection)
Software/Middleware
Hardware
LOW-CARBON CITY
Carbon Reduction Tech
A climate change oriented urban center implementing
technologies to reduce carbon impacts Increase in Renewable Energy
Increase in Energy Efficiency
Quality of Life
Carbon Capture
SUSTAINABLE CITY
Economic, environmental, and socially sustainable policies
that preserve resources and limit human impact
Improved Waste Management
Improved Air Quality
CITY Improved Public Transit
Agglomeration of individuals in one collective location
creating a dynamic and centralized society
9
ASEAN smart cities are integrating digital
technologies into government services
Country City City level action
Brunei Bandar Sei Working with Ericsson to pilot 5G and IOT with full deployment
Begawan expected by 2021
Cambodia Phenom Penh Smart city will make use of ICT to boost service delivery, performance,
optimize resource consumption, and connect citizens
Indonesia Jakarta More transparent and livable city ; GLUE to receive and process
complaints and monitor the civil services
Lao PDR Luong Prabang Introduced connected CCTV system and household electricity meter
Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Promoted IOT through partnership with LoRa Alliance to improve traffic
through WAN
Myanmar Yangon Introduce digital payment and e-card to ensure better transport services
Philippines Clark city Spatial planning and IoT for disaster resilience
Singapore Singapore National digital identity, e-payments, smart urban mobility, big data
operation center, smart nation platform
Thailand Phuket Smart transport and surveillance and big data operation centre
Vietnam Da Nang Collobarted with IBM to develop IOT infrastructure to address issues
such as air control, water management, waste management , energy
and disaster warning with full deployment expected by 2025
10
ASEAN Smart City- SoS - Will it be a best option to Resolve New
and Multiple Challenges of Service delivery ?
Public safety
Health care
Design for welfare Smart living
Innovation,
E-government
Smart Smart Entrepreneurship.
E-procurement
Governance economy Digital education
Transparency
Smart City
Digital education
Transport logistics Smart
Smart People Human capital mgt
Facility management mobility E-democracy
Sharing mobility
Smart
Environment Renewable energy
Waste management
Water management
Source: ASCN – e-book
https://www.clc.gov.sg/docs/default-source/books/book-asean-smart-cities-network.pdf
11
A common Minimum IOT Architecture & SOS for a Model
Smart City
Information Communication Data Storage
Technology Technology Management
Data Storage
Integration
Platform
Data Display/
Dashboard
City Social Infrastructure- Service-based Sectors
based Sectors
Transport
Transport
Energy
Energy
Waste
Waste
Water
Water
Interaction
<---- Interaction ----> <---- Interaction ---->
Build Environment
12
Smart Cities : From Data to Intelligence
Instrumentation Intelligence
Integration
Collect a lot of data Connect and bring Analyze Integrate
using sensors, these data from data for insights and
satellites, society etc across the city trends to make
smarter decisions
Efficiency, Innovation and Inclusion
13 To do more with less, through collaboration at scale, to ensure every one benefits
What could be the Benefits of an Externed Enterprise
Model Application?
Source: MGI, 2017
14
14
Smart Cities in ASEAN : Not Just a Trend but a Transformational
Race for Investment and Talents
A Headline Target Operational Focus
Political Goal
Significant contribution to Significant no of smart city Transferable solutions where
solutions , highly transferrable, ICT, energy, transport, water and
AEC and ASCC Blueprint by
that enable city to preform on waste amenities overlap in an
2025 multiple challenges urban development context
Urban Integrated Infrastructure
context planning, Business models and
common data standards
• How to get cities and the private sector to commit together to
Operational Goal advancing the smart city agenda?
Achieving highly completive, • What are the Innovative financing models for pilot projects (via
innovative and sustainable city existing and new instruments)
development • How to formulate a regional action plan on key technological and
barriers?
15
Key Actors in the Extended Enterprise
System in Japan
Firm Sector Betweenness Degree
Centrality Centrality
Hitachi Electronics 5212.7 74
Toshiba Electronics 3735.6 64
Mitsubishi Trading 2908.3 67
NEDO Public Funding 2735.7 28
Sharp Consumer electronics 1603.5 91
Denso Automobile 1567.2 55
Fuji Electronic Infrastructure provider 1516.7 53
Nippon Oil & Energy Petroleum 1481.1 55
Panasonic Electronics 1276.7 35
Furukawa Electric Infrastructure 1187.1 47
University of Tokyo Academic 1154.3 13
Urban Renaissance Agency Infrastructure 1123.1 55
IBM Software provider 917.4 47
16Source: Yarime, 2018 How impt the location of firm for other firms No of connections
Smart city technologies Represents the Highest Priority for Public Safety
Communities are more active with Smart city Technologies
on Smart city Payments and Finance
Capital and/or Operational Cost savings is Identified as the Most
important Motivator for Implementing smart city Technologies
Budget Limitations Represent a Significant barrier to
Implement Smart City Program
Five Difficulties in ASEAN Smart City Policy Governance
1. Privacy Protection Vs Social Intelligence
Securement.
2. Formulations of Government-Citizen-Private
sector Holistic Governance
3. Harmonization of City –Service Publicity and
Private Investment.
4. Political Rationality: Difficult of Structural
Innovation Rather than technological Innovation.
5. Future Investment: High Risk, High Return.
Conclusion
• As of now, many smart city models in ASEAN often see
themselves as part of long term, comprehensive national
sustainable and inclusive transformation plans. Their smart
city strategies represents very important Extended Enterprise
Model/SOS thinking.
• The defining characteristic of ASEAN smart city model is the
promotion of technological infrastructure development. ICT,
Big Data and AI are indispensable dimension for an inclusive
smart city. ASEAN SC cities opt for quick result yielding
technological solutions in the key domains of energy, water
transport and waste management.
• Strategic planning ASEAN SC models need to capitalize on both
technological advancement –digital intelligence and on the
development of knowledge and innovation networks for digital
inclusion.
22
